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<font size="+2"><font face="Calibri"><i><b>August 10</b></i></font></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b>, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font><br>
[ Wise mom Kate Marvel is also a climate scientist -
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://onbeing.org/blog/kate-marvel-we-should-never-have-called-it-earth/">https://onbeing.org/blog/kate-marvel-we-should-never-have-called-it-earth/</a>
]<br>
<b>We Should Never Have Called It Earth</b><br>
Published August 01, 2017<br>
We should never have called it Earth. Three quarters of the planet’s
surface is saltwater, and most of it does not lap at tranquil
beaches for our amusement. The ocean is deep; things are lost at
sea. Sometimes we throw them there: messages in bottles, the bodies
of mutinous sailors, plastic bags of plastic debris. Our sewage.<br>
<br>
Sometimes the things we lose slip unnoticed down the sides of
passing ships. We expect never to see lost objects again, but every
so often they are carried by shifting currents and swirling eddies
to wash ashore on distant beaches. We are reminded that things, once
submerged, have a habit of returning.<br>
I am not afraid of the ocean, although I should be. On hot summer
weekends I take my son to the beach. He toddles toward the water,
laughs at the lazy waves splashing his fat baby legs. I follow
behind, turn him back when the water reaches his naked belly. He is
too young to know the sea gets deeper, that eventually it rises
above your head and you must swim so as not to drown. I am prepared
for nightmares as he grows and learns about the vastness of the
ocean and the monsters real and imagined that swim there. He will
soon know that evil things lurk in the deep.<br>
<br>
I am a climate scientist, a computer modeler studying the things we
put in the atmosphere. On first glance, my work seems confined to a
realm wholly above and separate from the underwater world. But the
ocean and the air are the great conspirators of our climate. The
motions of the atmosphere, the rise and fall of air above us, are
dictated by the temperature of the sea surface. Much of our weather
is shaped by the back-and-forth slosh of water in the tropical
oceans.<br>
<br>
Some years, around Christmas, the waters of the Eastern equatorial
Pacific become abnormally warm. This El Niño, an imaginary
visitation from the Christ child, feeds violent tropical
thunderstorms above the warm pool of water. The tropical East
floods; drought comes to the West. Indonesia and Australia burn.<br>
<br>
The atmosphere is listening, and it carries the sea’s messages far
afield. The trade winds weaken, barometers measure drops and rises
in pressure, and air currents are re-directed. El Niño brings rain
to the American Southwest, mild winters to southern Canada, reduces
hurricanes in the north Atlantic. The average temperature of the
entire planet increases. We, all of us, are at the mercy of the
ocean.<br>
<br>
Before we existed, and after we are gone, the ocean will continue to
whisper to the atmosphere. Weather patterns will change back and
forth with the natural oscillations of air and water. But we do
exist, and we are treating the atmosphere as a limitless dumping
ground. A signal of our handiwork is emerging against this cacophony
of noise. Things are changing.<br>
<br>
Dive into the ocean and there is no immediate impediment to
progress. At some point your ears pop. Stray too deep or too long
and gases make bubbles that pop in your joints. To dive into land
requires mechanical assistance: dirt beneath fingernails, shovels in
sweaty hands, a screw turned by internal combustion. Deep in the
ocean you may find a wrecked ship, tarnished gold, dissolved
clothing threaded through buried skeletons. Deep in the earth we
find fossils, the compressed detritus of primeval death. Burning
these gives us light and energy and heat. Some of this is deliberate
and localized. Some, however, is not.<br>
<br>
We find greenhouse gases difficult to understand. Accepting that gas
means danger is a sad condition of modernity. But we imagine rancid
air that tickles then chokes, yellow clouds on a battlefield in
Flanders. We accept that burning is warmth, but that its byproducts
may linger and mix without color, odor, or taste seems too strange.
Linger they do though. They trap the thermal effluence of the planet
and, in so doing, warm the planet.<br>
<br>
The warming is not immediate. Delays are built into the system:
there are different forms of inertia here. The air warms first, then
the land, then surface winds mix the shallow surface layer of the
sea and finally the abyssal reaches of the ocean. The heat slowly
trickles down to the deep, churned by slow overturning ocean
currents. The ocean is slow to warm, but it will receive the message
in time.Someday I must tell my son what I have done. My comfortable,
safe life is in large part a product of the internal combustion
engine. Fossil fuels power the trains that take us to the beach, the
factories that make his plastic bucket and spade, the lights I
switch off when I kiss him good night. We can make small
adjustments: recycling, buying reusable bottles for our water and
ice coffee, foregoing the occasional plastic bag. But these small
things, even multiplied by a large population, are still small in
the end.<br>
<br>
I cannot deny my son or myself the ease of modern life, and I have
no wish to isolate him from friends and family by insisting on
radical changes. A carbon-free life seems a solitary one: no travel
to see grandparents, awkward refusals of invitations, precious time
with friends replaced by gardening, canning, mending, building,
working. I search for political solutions, an advocacy muted by the
cowardice of my personal choices. In the end, I am responsible for
the gases that are changing the climate and, in raising my son in
comfort and convenience, am passing on that responsibility and guilt
to him.<br>
<br>
Greenhouse gases are indisputably warming the whole planet. We are
moving toward a future where the natural variations of El Niño are
swamped by rising ocean temperatures. There will be no weather that
we have not somehow touched. And our legacy travels deeper than we
think: We have left to our children a time bomb of warming. Even if
we somehow managed to halt the increase in greenhouse gases,
freezing them at today’s levels, the planet’s temperature would
continue to rise as the heat trickles into the deep, slowly creating
a new equilibrium. The ocean will eventually know what we have done
to the atmosphere. The process is slow, but inexorable. We have
committed ourselves to this warming, a legacy to future generations.<br>
<br>
To be a climate scientist is to be an active participant in a
slow-motion horror story. These are scary tales to tell children
around the campfire. We are the perfect, willfully naïve victims: We
were warned, and we did it anyway. Dark fairytales, of course, are
as old as human history, and we tell them for a reason. But here,
the culprit is the teller, both victim and villain.<br>
<br>
The moral of this fable is murkier than the simplicity a children’s
tale demands. At the end of the story, the fear persists. We
continue to burn fossil fuels and the gases they make continue to
trap heat, warming the air, the land, the shallow seas. The heat is
mixed deep into the ocean, a long slow slog to equilibrium. There is
no way to stop it.<br>
<br>
What do I tell my son? A monster awaits in the deep, and someday it
will come for you. We know this. We put it there.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://onbeing.org/blog/kate-marvel-we-should-never-have-called-it-earth/">https://onbeing.org/blog/kate-marvel-we-should-never-have-called-it-earth/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ Oh great -- we ARE trapped INSIDE a
disaster movie ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>How climate change might trigger more
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions</b><br>
Pu</font><font face="Calibri">blished: August 8, 2023</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/541704/original/file-20230808-21-1g5opa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip">https://images.theconversation.com/files/541704/original/file-20230808-21-1g5opa.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip</a><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://theconversation.com/how-climate-change-might-trigger-more-earthquakes-and-volcanic-eruptions-210841">https://theconversation.com/how-climate-change-might-trigger-more-earthquakes-and-volcanic-eruptions-210841</a><br>
</font><br>
<p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p>
<br>
<i>[ video and text ]</i><br>
<b>What’s driving Maui’s devastating fires, and how climate change
is fueling those conditions</b><br>
CLAIRE RUSH<br>
August 9, 2023<br>
A dangerous mix of conditions appear to have combined to make the
wildfires blazing a path of destruction in Hawaii particularly
damaging, including high winds, low humidity and dry vegetation.<br>
Experts also say climate change is increasing the likelihood of more
extreme weather events like what’s playing out on the island of
Maui, where at least six people have been killed and a historic
tourist town was devastated.<br>
<br>
“It’s leading to these unpredictable or unforeseen combinations that
we’re seeing right now and that are fueling this extreme fire
weather,” said Kelsey Copes-Gerbitz, a postdoctoral researcher at
the University of British Columbia’s faculty of forestry. “What
these ... catastrophic wildfire disasters are revealing is that
nowhere is immune to the issue.”<br>
<b>HOW CLIMATE CHANGE PLAYS A ROLE</b><br>
“Climate change in many parts of the world is increasing vegetation
dryness, in large part because temperatures are hotter,” Fleishman
said. “Even if you have the same amount of precipitation, if you
have higher temperatures, things dry out faster.”<br>
<br>
Clay Trauernicht, a fire scientist at the University of Hawaii, said
the wet season can spur plants like Guinea grass, a nonnative,
invasive species found across parts of Maui, to grow as quickly as 6
inches (15 centimeters) a day and reach up to 10 feet (3 meters)
tall. When it dries out, it creates a tinderbox that’s ripe for
wildfire.<br>
<br>
“These grasslands accumulate fuels very rapidly,” Trauernicht said.
“In hotter conditions and drier conditions, with variable rainfall,
it’s only going to exacerbate the problem.”<br>
<b>STRONGER HURRICANES</b><br>
Climate change not only increases the fire risk by driving up
temperatures, but also makes stronger hurricanes more likely. In
turn, those storms could fuel stronger wind events like the one
behind the Maui fires.<br>
<br>
That’s on top of other threats made worse by climate changes.<br>
<br>
“There’s an increasing trend in the intensity of hurricanes
worldwide, in part because warm air holds more water,” Fleishman
said. “In addition to that, sea levels are rising worldwide, so you
tend to get more severe flooding from the storm surge when a
hurricane makes landfall.”<br>
<br>
While climate change can’t be said to directly cause singular
events, experts say, the impact extreme weather is having on
communities is undeniable.<br>
“These kinds of climate change-related disasters are really beyond
the scope of things that we’re used to dealing with,” UBC’s
Copes-Gerbitz said. “It’s these kind of multiple, interactive
challenges that really lead to a disaster.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://apnews.com/article/hawaii-wildfires-climate-change-92c0930be7c28ec9ac71392a83c87582">https://apnews.com/article/hawaii-wildfires-climate-change-92c0930be7c28ec9ac71392a83c87582</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[ Oh icky ]<br>
<b>Rise in foodborne diseases expected due to climate change</b><br>
By Joe Whitworth on August 9, 2023<br>
Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in foodborne
infections and presents a growing public health risk in Germany,
according to scientists.<br>
<br>
One of a series of articles, published in the Robert Koch
Institute’s Journal of Health Monitoring, focuses on the influence
of climate change on foodborne intoxications.<br>
<br>
The review looks at hazards to human health posed by relevant
foodborne bacteria, parasites and marine biotoxins in Germany
including Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Vibrio as well as parasites
Cryptosporidium and Giardia.<br>
<br>
Climate change can result in higher air and water temperatures,
increased precipitation, or water scarcity. For example, in the
future, agriculture may have to rely more on treated wastewater due
to water shortages. This poses a risk to food safety, because of
possible contamination of irrigated produce by pathogens, said
researchers.<br>
<b><br>
</b><b>Campylobacter, Salmonella and Vibrio</b><br>
Campylobacter infections are typically seasonal, with most cases in
the summer months from July to September. With progressive warming
as a result of climate change and the associated prolonged warm
periods, an increase in cases is expected.<br>
<br>
It is also possible that during summer months, increased
temperatures lead to higher prevalence in poultry flocks and greater
exposure of consumers via consumption of poultry meat, according to
the study.<br>
<br>
Altered behaviors during summer months could have an indirect effect
on the rise in infections, such as more frequent barbecuing of
poultry and other meats, or swimming in surface waters. An increase
in infections and outbreaks has also been observed after heavy rains
and flooding.<br>
<br>
In Europe, most salmonellosis cases are reported during the summer
months.<br>
<br>
The favored growth of Salmonella at higher temperatures leads to
higher concentrations in contaminated foods during warmer periods.
Among other things, this is linked to poor food preparation and
refrigeration during barbecues or picnics, which are also more
common in summer. Elevated temperatures increase the risk of cold
chain disruption, which can have a significant impact on the
microbiological status of food.<br>
<br>
Foodborne Vibrio infections have been rare in Europe so far.
Occurrence of Vibrio spp. is favored by global warming and the
increase of heatwaves and may lead to its spread and possibly also
the establishment of new types in Europe, so human infection
incidence may go up in the future, according to researchers.<br>
<br>
The increase in water temperature will lead to an amplification of
Vibrio contamination in European seafood catching, harvesting, and
farming areas, and will also expand beyond summer and autumn months.<br>
<br>
Accurate information on foodborne Vibrio infections is not yet
available. In Germany, only isolated cases have been recorded since
introduction of mandatory reporting in 2020, which may indicate
either low exposure to Vibrio-containing products or that a large
proportion of illnesses are not detected or reported. Raw and
insufficiently heated products such as mussels and oysters pose a
risk, especially for people with weakened immune systems or
pre-existing conditions.<br>
<br>
<b>Parasites and prevention steps</b><br>
Research from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
(BfR), which has not yet been published, indicates that a changing
climate also has a direct impact on the prevalence and virulence of
parasites, which are already very stable in the environment.
Cryptosporidium and Giardia can remain infectious for a long period
and cause disease, especially after consumption of raw contaminated
food.<br>
<br>
Extreme weather such as heavy rainfall and flooding, which are
expected to increase as a result of climate change, grow the risk of
infectious oocysts/cysts entering bodies of water, as well as the
risk of contamination of plant-based foods, said researchers.<br>
<br>
Climate change is altering the geographic distribution of some algal
species that may be involved in forming harmful algal blooms. Marine
biotoxins are not detectable by odor, taste or appearance and are
not usually destroyed by cooking, freezing, or other preparation
processes.<br>
<br>
“Our main recommendations for minimizing the health risk from
foodborne infections and intoxications lie in the area of kitchen
hygiene, which should always be applied when preparing food. This
includes thorough handwashing and the use of fresh kitchen utensils
after handling raw meat and fish, as well as avoidance of
cross-contamination,” said researchers.<br>
<br>
“In addition, most microbiological pathogens can be safely killed by
a sufficient heating process; for example, a core temperature of 70
degrees C (158 degrees F) for at least two minutes must be
maintained when preparing seafood.<br>
<br>
“We also recommend the use of new technologies to track supply
chains. Given a globalized food distribution network and the use of
different processing and preservation techniques, it can be
difficult to track a product’s supply chain to identify potential
risks. Technological advances have produced digital solutions for
this; knowledge of fish stocks, seafood traceability and supply
chain transparency can benefit from innovative approaches.”<br>
<br>
Tags: Campylobacter, climate change, Germany, marine biotoxin,
parasites, Robert Koch Institute, Salmonella, Vibrio<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2023/08/rise-in-foodborne-diseases-expected-due-to-climate-change/">https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2023/08/rise-in-foodborne-diseases-expected-due-to-climate-change/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[ Another source is Possible - more to know ]</i><br>
<b>How to talk about climate change</b><br>
SEPTEMBER 24, 2019<br>
When's the last time you had a conversation about climate change?<br>
Not just a passing mention: a real conversation – a rich, lively
exchange of stories and ideas, hopes and fears, convictions,
predictions and interpretations?<br>
<br>
If the answer is never, you’re not alone. But if you've ever tried
talking about climate change with anyone who isn't already immersed
in it, chances are it didn't go that well.<br>
<br>
You might find that people tend to shut down, lash out, or take the
opportunity to grill you on some technical detail that's been
bothering them.<br>
<br>
These responses are all totally understandable, but they don't make
for good conversations. Let's take a closer look at them:<br>
<br>
<b>The invisible force field</b><br>
It's easy to see how this comes about. We tend to avoid thinking
about things that make us feel anxious or guilty (hello climate
change!), which means lots of people have never given climate change
enough brain-space to come up with anything interesting to say about
it - and they don’t want to start now. So the conversation just ...
dies.<br>
<br>
<b>The blame game</b><br>
Sometimes it's good to make climate change personal. But when people
feel individually blamed or attacked for something they feel is
outside their control, they tend to lash out. From here, it's only a
few small steps to a full-blown row.<br>
<br>
<b>The rabbit hole</b><br>
If you're seen as the designated Climate Person in your social
group, you might find yourself acting as a lightning rod for
people's grievances about a particular climate-related project or
technology. These conversations can easily turn into an adversarial
back-and-forth about some technical detail. You might even start to
feel like the whole idea of doing something about climate change
hangs on your ability to defend, say, energy efficiency labelling
from every possible critique. Which is no fun. <br>
<br>
Want to be more persuasive? Stop trying to persuade people<br>
The good news is you’re unlikely to have to convince anyone that
climate change actually exists, as a record 85% of Britons recently
told researchers they are ‘concerned’ about climate change, with 52%
‘very concerned’.<br>
<br>
What it can be more difficult to do is inspire people to take
meaningful, positive action to address climate change. However, the
way to do this is not by working hard to win an argument. The trick
is to change how you think about your role in the conversation.
Rather than playing the advocate working to 'get people on board',
be the moderator: the one who gives people a chance to explore the
issue in their own way, without feeling judged or pressured. It'll
take a bit of getting used to, but keep these rules in mind and you
can't go far wrong.<br>
<b><br>
</b><b>1. Pick your moment, and avoid putting people on the spot</b><br>
Before you jump into a climate conversation, ask yourself whether
this is a good moment, both for you, and for the other person.<br>
<br>
Generally we have our best conversations when we're feeling happy
and confident, and have the time and energy to do the topic justice.
So if you're feeling tired, angry, rushed or anxious, save it for
another day.<br>
<br>
The same applies for the other person, of course, but it's also
worth considering whether they're in a position to be thoughtful and
open-minded. Question someone in certain situations or in front of
certain groups of people and they'll feel they have to quickly argue
you down or change the subject so they don't lose face.<br>
<br>
<b>2. Listen, and show you've heard</b><br>
If someone's being critical, resist the temptation to correct them
or argue back. Take your time to absorb what they're saying and look
for the wider idea or feeling underlying this person's point. Then
rather than smothering it with a rebuttal, give it space to breathe.
Sometimes it's even worth paraphrasing the person's idea back to
them. <br>
<br>
For example, if someone is complaining about a proposed bike lane
causing traffic jams, it might reflect the fact that they already
find getting around town slow and frustrating. So say that! By
showing that you understand where they're coming from, you'll bring
a bit of goodwill into the conversation, and make the other person
much more receptive to whatever you want to say (or ask!) next.<br>
<br>
<b>3. It is urgent though!</b><br>
That said, you don’t have to pretend that cutting carbon isn’t
urgent. One of the reasons people might be hesitant to take action
on climate change is that it can feel remote from their daily lives.
Try dropping into conversation articles that you’ve read that show
climate change is happening now. If you are talking about the
future, make it personal and local. For example, we’ll be seeing
many more heatwaves like the one that hit the UK this summer, and
events such as the Whaley Bridge dam collapse are likely to be
increasingly common. Make sure you’re not using these points to shut
down their perspectives. You could try framing it in relation to
yourself - for example ‘I’m worried because I live quite close to
some moorland and there were a record number of fires this year
because of the heat’. This gives them a chance to empathise with
you, rather than feeling like they’re under attack.<br>
<br>
<b>4. Bring questions, not answers</b><br>
The other problem with playing the Climate Person role is that you
reinforce the idea that climate change is your responsibility –
something for you to suggest and for everyone else to resist. So
now's the time to start asking questions and give people space to
step out of naysayer mode and think about what they do want.<br>
<br>
Asking things like 'how could we change that?' or 'what would you
like to happen instead?' breaks the pattern of attack and defence,
and turns responsibility for the solutions into something that's
shared. And you never know, you might learn something.<br>
<br>
One final thing: remember you don't have to pack everything into one
conversation. It's better to have an interesting, respectful
exchange that leaves the door open for next time, than to rush
towards some kind of conclusion. So take your time!<br>
<br>
Over to you<br>
We'd love to hear your stories of climate conversations (good and
bad), and what you've learned along the way. Tweet your tips and
stories to @_wearepossible, or join the conversation on Facebook. <br>
<br>
For more tips on how to start conversations about climate change at
home, in your community, and on a wider scale, check out our
challenge page and pledge to get talking.<br>
<br>
This guide borrows heavily from the fantastic Carbon Conversations
Handbook, by Ro Randall. Ro also gave us some great advice when
drafting an earlier version of this article – thanks Ro!<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.wearepossible.org/actions-blog/how-to-talk-about-climate-change">https://www.wearepossible.org/actions-blog/how-to-talk-about-climate-change</a><br>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<i> </i><br>
<i>[ podcast report on how electric power gets stuck, waiting to get
onto the grid ]</i><br>
<b>What's the deal with interconnection queues?</b><br>
AUG 9 2023<br>
A conversation with Chaz Teplin of RMI.<br>
<font face="Calibri">David Roberts<br>
Volts is a podcast about leaving fossil fuels behind. I've been
reporting on and explaining clean-energy topics for almost 20
years, and I love talking to politicians, analysts, innovators,
and activists about the latest progress in the world's most
important fight. (Volts is entirely subscriber-supported. Sign
up!)</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">By now, you’ve probably heard that tons of new
renewable energy projects are “stuck in the interconnection
queues,” unable to connect to the grid and produce electricity
until grid operators get around to approving them, which can take
up to five years in some areas.<br>
<br>
And you might have heard that FERC recently implemented some
reforms of the interconnection queue process in hopes of speeding
it up.<br>
<br>
It all seems like a pretty big deal. But as I think about it, it
occurs to me that I don’t really know what an interconnection
queue is or why they work the way they do. So I’m going to talk to
an expert — Chaz Teplin, who works on carbon-free grids with RMI —
to get the lowdown.<br>
<br>
We’re going to talk through the basics of interconnection queues,
why they’re so slow, what RTOs and FERC are doing to reform them,
and what remains to be done (namely some friggin’ regional
transmission planning).<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.volts.wtf/p/whats-the-deal-with-interconnection?utm_source=podcast-email%2Csubstack&publication_id=193024&post_id=135650154&utm_medium=email#details">https://www.volts.wtf/p/whats-the-deal-with-interconnection?utm_source=podcast-email%2Csubstack&publication_id=193024&post_id=135650154&utm_medium=email#details</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><br>
<i>[The news archive - looking back at common sense. ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>August 10, 2013 </b></i></font> <br>
August 10, 2013:<br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri">CBS News reports on a new study linking
rising temperatures to more violence.</font></p>
<font face="Calibri">(CBS News) A new study found that climate
change may cause people to be more violent.</font><br>
<p><font face="Calibri"> The study draws a link between increased
rates of domestic violence, assault and other violent crimes and
a warming climate and says that aggression can be associated
with higher temperatures.<br>
<br>
Researchers re-analyzed 60 studies from recent decades that look
at human behavior going back as far as 10,000 years ago. They
considered violence on a large scale, such as war, and on a
smaller scale such as aggression in baseball stadiums during the
summer.<br>
<br>
"Scientists found that as soon as you move off of the average of
either temperature or rainfall by a certain amount you get an
uptick in small-scale violence, one-on-one or little bar brawls
of 4 percent, and you get large-scale violence increasing 14
percent," said Time magazine senior science editor Jeffrey
Kluger on "CBS This Morning: Saturday." "And that's where you
talk about governments collapsing and large-scale riots."<br>
<br>
The study said that a global temperature increase of just 2
degrees Celsius could increase inter-group conflicts, such as
civil wars, by more than 50 percent.<br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri">By the time we get to 2050, if we don't
start to bring back CO2 now, that's where we'll be, and we're
facing that kind of unrest down the line," said Kluger. "One of
the things to keep in mind, also, is this is worse in areas,
say, with worse economies and parts of the developing world
because they're on a razor's edge to begin with, so any
disruption is going to be enough to tip them."<br>
<br>
However, Kluger said that there could be other variables and it
might not just be about increased heat.<br>
<br>
"Summer, for example, has always been a time of increased crime,
increased domestic violence, increased riots in cities, but how
do you control for the fact that there's more hours of daylight,
which means more time to be outside making mischief; kids are on
the street, and you have more kids who are out of school," said
Kluger. "And yet we also know personally that in a hot subway
station we're more short-tempered, in a traffic jam we're more
short-tempered. Studies show that police officers on shooting
ranges tend to shoot their guns more precipitously when it's too
hot in the shooting range."<br>
</font></p>
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