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<font size="+2"><font face="Calibri"><i><b>September 11</b></i></font></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b>, 2023</b></i></font><br>
<br>
<p><font face="Calibri"><i>[ An AI question: CPT-3.5 what did the
911 suspension of airline traffic teach us about climate ? ]</i></font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><b>User</b><br>
<b>After 911, what did we learn about the atmosphere from the
shutdown of all airline traffic? <br>
</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">ChatGPT<br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri">The events following the September
11, 2001 attacks in the United States did lead to some unique
opportunities for researchers to study the atmosphere due to the
temporary shutdown of commercial airline traffic. However, it's
important to note that the scientific findings from this period
were limited and specific to certain aspects of atmospheric
research.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Here are a few key insights gained from the
temporary shutdown of airline traffic:</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Air Quality and Pollution: One of the most
immediate effects of grounding commercial flights was a
noticeable improvement in air quality, particularly in major
cities and near airports. Researchers observed reductions in air
pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter.
This demonstrated the significant contribution of aviation to
air pollution in urban areas.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Contrail Formation: The absence of contrails
(short for condensation trails) caused by aircraft allowed
scientists to study their impact on the atmosphere and climate.
Contrails can influence local weather patterns and contribute to
the greenhouse effect. Research during the flight shutdown
period helped improve our understanding of the role of contrails
in climate change.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Temperature Variations: Scientists observed
slight temperature variations during the temporary shutdown of
airline traffic. The absence of contrails and their
heat-trapping properties may have contributed to these changes.
However, these variations were relatively small and not
considered a significant climate impact.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Aerosol Effects: Researchers also studied the
impact of reduced aviation-related aerosol emissions on the
atmosphere. Aerosols can influence cloud formation and
properties. The shutdown provided a unique opportunity to
investigate these effects, although the findings were
preliminary and required further research.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Noise Pollution: With fewer flights taking
place, there was a noticeable reduction in noise pollution
around airports and flight paths. This allowed for studies on
the effects of aviation noise on human health and wildlife.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">It's important to emphasize that while the
temporary shutdown of airline traffic provided valuable insights
into various aspects of the atmosphere, these effects were
relatively short-lived and localized. Long-term changes in
atmospheric composition and climate are driven by much larger
and complex factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions, volcanic
eruptions, and natural climate variability. Therefore, while the
event offered a unique opportunity for scientific observation,
it did not lead to any major paradigm shifts in our
understanding of the atmosphere. </font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"><b>User</b><b><br>
</b><b>Really, are you going to pull up that tired old argument
that volcanic eruptions cause global warming? Give me a
measurement of how much modern volcanic eruptions cause
atmospheric heating. </b><br>
<br>
ChatGPT<br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri">I apologize if my previous response
was unclear. I did not suggest that volcanic eruptions cause
global warming. Instead, I mentioned volcanic eruptions as one
of the factors that can influence long-term changes in
atmospheric composition and climate, along with greenhouse gas
emissions and other natural climate variability.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Volcanic eruptions can have a short-term
cooling effect on the Earth's climate due to the release of
sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other aerosols into the stratosphere.
These aerosols can reflect sunlight back into space, leading to
a temporary cooling of the planet. However, this cooling effect
is typically short-lived, lasting for a few years at most.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Modern volcanic eruptions, such as the 1991
eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, did have
measurable and temporary cooling effects on global temperatures.
The Pinatubo eruption, for example, caused a drop in global
average temperatures of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 degrees Celsius
(0.9 to 1.1 degrees Fahrenheit) for a year or two following the
eruption.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">To clarify, volcanic eruptions are not a
significant driver of long-term global warming, but they can
temporarily influence climate patterns in the years immediately
following a major eruption. The primary driver of modern global
warming is the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere due to human activities, particularly the burning of
fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities trap heat in
the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a long-term warming trend.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"><br>
<b>User</b><b><br>
</b><b>How would you compare the halting of airliner traffic for 4
days to a 4 day volcanic eruption like Mt St Helens</b></font><br>
<p><font face="Calibri">ChatGPT</font></p>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri">The halting of airliner traffic for
four days and a four-day volcanic eruption like the eruption of
Mount St. Helens are two very different events with distinct
impacts on the atmosphere and the environment. Here's a
comparison:</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Halting of Airliner Traffic for Four Days:</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Impact on Air Quality: The temporary halt in
airliner traffic, such as the one that occurred after the
September 11, 2001 attacks, primarily affects air quality in the
vicinity of airports and along flight paths. It can lead to a
noticeable reduction in air pollutants like nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and particulate matter during the suspension of flights.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Contrail Formation: During the suspension of
flights, there is a reduction in contrail formation, which can
affect local weather patterns and radiation balance in the
atmosphere. However, this effect is relatively short-lived and
localized.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Long-Term Climate Impact: The impact on
long-term climate from a four-day suspension of airliner traffic
is minimal. It may lead to short-term variations in temperature
and atmospheric conditions but is not a significant driver of
global climate change.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Four-Day Volcanic Eruption (e.g., Mount St.
Helens):</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Impact on Air Quality: A volcanic eruption
releases large amounts of gases, ash, and aerosols into the
atmosphere. These materials can have a significant impact on air
quality, not only in the vicinity of the eruption but also over
broader regions, depending on the size of the eruption.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Climate Impact: Volcanic eruptions can have a
more substantial and longer-lasting impact on climate compared
to a brief suspension of airliner traffic. Eruptions release
sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere, which can lead to
the formation of sulfuric acid aerosols that reflect sunlight.
This can result in a temporary cooling effect on global
temperatures for a period of months to a few years.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Environmental Impact: Volcanic eruptions can
cause direct environmental damage, including destruction of
ecosystems, alteration of landscapes, and disruption of water
bodies due to ashfall and pyroclastic flows.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">In summary, while both events have effects on
the atmosphere and environment, a volcanic eruption like Mount
St. Helens typically has a more significant and longer-lasting
impact on climate and the environment compared to a brief
suspension of airliner traffic. Volcanic eruptions can lead to
noticeable cooling effects on global temperatures and have
widespread environmental consequences due to the release of
volcanic ash and gases. In contrast, the suspension of airline
traffic primarily affects local air quality and has minimal
long-term climate impact.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://chat.openai.com/">https://chat.openai.com/</a> <i>( give it a try
- free -- maybe ask followup questions )</i><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri">[<i> Some discussions youtube video ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Titanic Oceans: Daniel Pauly, Antonio
Turiel, and Peter Ward | Reality Roundtable #4</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Nate Hagens</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Sep 10, 2023 #thegreatsimplification
#natehagens #oceans</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">On this Reality Roundtable, marine biologist
Daniel Pauly, ocean physicist Antonio Turiel, and paleobiologist
Peter Ward join Nate to discuss the numerous threats to the
Earth’s great oceans. From overfishing to plastic pollution and
climate change to acidification, the human system is assaulting
one of the most important regulators for our climate and the
largest habitat for life - anywhere. What early indicators of
climate impacts are these great bodies of water showing us as we
hit record heat across the oceans, fish populations dwindle, and
major currents slow? Why are concerns for the ocean so overlooked
and what further research needs to be done? Will we learn to value
these high seas for all the priceless value they give us, or will
we take them for granted until it’s too late? </font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">About Daniel Pauly:</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Dr. Daniel Pauly is a Killam Professor at the
University of British Columbia. In 1999, Daniel Pauly founded, and
since leads, a large research project, Sea Around Us, devoted to
identifying and quantifying global fisheries trends. Daniel Pauly
is also co-founder of FishBase.org, the online encyclopedia of
more than 30,000 fish species, and he has helped develop the
widely-used Ecopath modeling software. He is the author or
co-author of over 1000 scientific and other articles, books and
book chapters on fish, fisheries and related topics.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">About Antonio Turiel:</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Antonio Turiel Martínez is a scientist and
activist with a degree in Physics and Mathematics and a PhD in
Theoretical Physics from the Autonomous University of Madrid. He
works as a senior scientist at the Institute of Marine Sciences of
the CSIC specializing in remote sensing, turbulence, sea surface
salinity, water cycle, sea surface temperature, sea surface
currents, and chlorophyll concentration. He has written more than
80 scientific articles, but he is better known as an online
activist and editor of The Oil Crash blog, where he addresses
sensitive issues about the depletion of conventional fossil fuel
resources, such as the peak of oil and its possible implications
on a world scale.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">About Peter Ward:</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Peter Ward is a Professor of Biology and Earth
and Space Sciences at the University of Washington. He is author
of over a dozen books on Earth's natural history including On
Methuselah's Trail: Living Fossils and the Great Extinctions;
Under a Green Sky; and The Medea Hypothesis, 2009, (listed by the
New York Times as one of the “100 most important ideas of 2009”).
Ward gave a TED talk in 2008 about mass extinctions.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"></font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><i><br>
</i></font></p>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><font face="Calibri"><br>
<i>[The news archive - looking back]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>September 11, 2001 </b></i></font> <br>
<b>September 11 attacks</b><br>
<b>September 11, 2001 at 5:14 AM PDT</b><br>
<br>
The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four
coordinated Islamist suicide terrorist attacks carried out by
al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001.
Wikipedia<br>
Number of deaths: 2,996<br>
Date: September 11, 2001 at 5:14 AM PDT<br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri">Location: World Trade Center, New York, The
Pentagon,</font><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks</a></font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"> </font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"> </font><font face="Calibri"><br>
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