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<font size="+2"><font face="Calibri"><i><b>October 31</b></i></font></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b>, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><font face="Calibri"> <i>[ See Rollie
Williams' latest video -- Seattle may be as stuck as Chicago ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Chicago Doesn’t Own Its Own Streets |
Climate Town</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Climate Town</font><br>
Oct 30, 2023<br>
DON’T TAKE THE DEAL! Check us out on Nebula:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://go.nebula.tv/climatetown">https://go.nebula.tv/climatetown</a> <br>
Patreon: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.patreon.com/ClimateTown">https://www.patreon.com/ClimateTown</a> <br>
sUbScRiBe FoR mOrE ViDeOs: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/climatetown">https://www.youtube.com/c/climatetown</a><br>
<br>
This episode features the wonderful talents of
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/@standupmaths">https://www.youtube.com/@standupmaths</a> and you can check out their
companion episode right here: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://youtu.be/4l16zI0sYRs">https://youtu.be/4l16zI0sYRs</a> <br>
<br>
We also have a podcast! It’s called The Climate Denier’s Playbook
and you can listen to it right here:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://linktr.ee/deniersplaybook">https://linktr.ee/deniersplaybook</a> <br>
<br>
And ohhhh yeah we have a newsletter too! You can check it out here:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.climatetown.news/">https://www.climatetown.news/</a> <br>
<br>
And wait there’s actually something we can do about this maybe? Our
friends at Climate Changemakers have put together a playbook on how
to take action on minimum parking laws:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.climatechangemakers.org/playbook-parking-mandates">https://www.climatechangemakers.org/playbook-parking-mandates</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDx6no-7HZE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDx6no-7HZE</a>
<p>- -</p>
<i>[ take some action ]</i><br>
<b>ACTION PLAYBOOK: Abolish Parking Mandates</b><br>
The Goal: Abolish local parking mandates to reduce transportation
emissions and encourage greener urban land use.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.climatechangemakers.org/playbook-parking-mandates">https://www.climatechangemakers.org/playbook-parking-mandates</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
<i>[ more sarcastic humor on this topic ]</i><br>
<b>Chicago has a problem until the year 2083.</b><br>
Stand-up Maths<br>
<font face="Calibri">October 30, 2023</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">You absolutely must check out the companion
Climate Town video: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://youtu.be/fDx6no-7HZE">https://youtu.be/fDx6no-7HZE</a></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Huge thanks to Rollie Williams, Nicole Conlan,
Matt Nelson and the whole Climate Town team. We had an
unreasonable amount of fun planning and filming these videos. You
should subscribe to their channel:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ClimateTown">https://www.youtube.com/@ClimateTown</a> What, you already are? Well
unsubscribe and resubscribe you fool.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4l16zI0sYRs">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4l16zI0sYRs</a></font><br>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Paul Beckwith reads aloud the latest
science report on Antarctic ice melting ]<br>
</i></font><font face="Calibri"><b>Bottom Crack Study on
Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf With Underwater Robot Measures
Instability Risks</b><br>
Paul Beckwith</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Oct 30, 2023<br>
A paper called “Direct Observation of Melting, Freezing, and Ocean
Circulation in an Ice Shelf Basal Crevasse” was just published
online (open access): <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s</a>...<br>
<br>
This very interesting, and very important study involved hot-water
drilling a hole through an ice shelf in the Ross Shelf in
Antarctica, and sending a robot called Icefin (follow Icefin on
Twitter/X) through the hole to the water cavity near the glacier
Grounding Line (GL) in the so-called Grounding Zone (GZ). <br>
<br>
This robot surveyed one of the Ice Shelf Basal Crevasses (crack in
the ice extending from the bottom partway upwards through the ice
shelf). Measurements included three-dimensional water flow rates
inside the crevasse, water temperatures, water salinity (thus
water density) and detailed visual examination of features inside
the crevasse on the walls of the crack. <br>
<br>
The physical dynamics of the water flows and melting and crevasse
characteristics were measured in detail, to completely
characterize the present state of the crack and surrounding
conditions within the bottom of the ice shelf.<br>
<br>
Repeating the study in a year or subsequent years would then allow
an understanding of whether or not the ice shelf is at risk of
total collapse or if it is fairly stable. <br>
<br>
Given the extremely warm anomalies in the oceans around Antarctica
and the enormous collapse of Antarctic Sea ice around the
continent, it is vital to assess possible ice shelf collapses, due
to the associated increase in ice sheet flow into the ocean
resulting directly from ice shelf collapses. <br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LFMofAwIzo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LFMofAwIzo</a></font>
<p><font face="Calibri">- -</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ research paper ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Direct observations of melting, freezing,
and ocean circulation in an ice shelf basal crevasse</b><br>
PETER WASHAM, JUSTIN D. LAWRENCE, CRAIG L. STEVENS, CHRISTINA L.
HULBE, J. HORGAN, NATALIE J. ROBINSON, CRAIG L. STEWART, ANTHONY
SPEARS, ENRICA QUARTINI, [...], AND BRITNEY E. SCHMIDT <br>
27 Oct 2023</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7638<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">Abstract<br>
Ocean conditions near the grounding zones of Antarctica’s ice
shelves play a key role in controlling the outflow and mass
balance of the ice sheet. However, ocean observations in these
regions are largely absent. Here, we present a detailed spatial
survey collected with an underwater vehicle in a basal crevasse
located in the ocean cavity at the Ross Ice Shelf grounding zone.
The observations depict fine-scale variability in ocean forcing
that drives asymmetric melting along the lower crevasse sidewalls
and freezing in the upper reaches of the crevasse. Freshwater
release from melting at depth and salt rejection from freezing
above drives an overturning circulation. This vertical circulation
pattern overlays a dominant through flow jet, which funnels water
parallel to the coastline, orthogonal to the direction of tidal
currents. Importantly, these data reveal that basal crevasses
influence ocean circulation and mixing at ice shelf grounding
zones to an extent previously unknown.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi7638">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi7638</a></font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ Kerry Emanuel is MIT Professor Emeritus
of Atmospheric Science, he knows hurricanes well ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <font face="Calibri"><b>Current and
Future Hurricane Risk on Cape Ann with Kerry Emanuel- April 5,
2023</b><br>
Cape Ann Climate Coalition<br>
Apr 21, 2023<br>
Kerry Emanuel, MIT Professor Emeritus of Atmospheric Science,
delivered a virtual lecture on April 5, 2023 on current and future
hurricanes. Emanuel reviewed the history of hurricanes affecting
Cape Ann and described how modern science is shedding new light on
current and future risk to the area as climate warms and sea level
rises. New techniques for projecting future hurricane risk can
provide residents and area leaders with valuable information that
can serve as a basis for intelligent choices for dealing with
severe storms in a changing climate.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Vx4JhlFJMM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Vx4JhlFJMM</a><br>
</font>
<p>- -</p>
<p><i>[ how major calamities seem to come ~ 100 years apart (
duration of human forgetting )--- this may be a reference to the
1938 Hurricane in New England - which was a total surprise to
everyone ]</i></p>
<p><b>1938 New England hurricane</b><br>
</p>
<p>The 1938 New England Hurricane (also referred to as the Great New
England Hurricane and the Long Island Express Hurricane)[1][2] was
one of the deadliest and most destructive tropical cyclones to
strike the United States. The storm formed near the coast of
Africa on September 9, becoming a Category 5 hurricane on the
Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, before making landfall as a
Category 3 hurricane[3] on Long Island on Wednesday, September 21.
It is estimated that the hurricane killed 682 people,[4] damaged
or destroyed more than 57,000 homes, and caused property losses
estimated at $306 million ($4.7 billion in 2017)<br>
</p>
<p><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_New_England_hurricane">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_New_England_hurricane</a></p>
<p></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ classic article from Harvard Gazette 2
years ago ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/07/harvard-researcher-examines-a-fire-tornado/">https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/07/harvard-researcher-examines-a-fire-tornado/</a><br>
What exactly is a ‘fire tornado’?<br>
BY Alvin Powell -- Harvard Staff Writer<br>
DATE July 20, 2021<br>
The Bootleg Fire, one of the largest in modern Oregon history, has
burned hundreds of square miles.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://news.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/AP_21200615284304_2500-1500x1000.jpg">https://news.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/AP_21200615284304_2500-1500x1000.jpg</a><br>
Bootleg Fire Incident Command via AP<br>
Researcher Loretta Mickley discusses climate change, effects of
forest management, and the rise and future of massive wildfires in
West<br>
<br>
The roaring Bootleg Fire burning up swaths of southwestern Oregon is
the nation’s largest wildfire so far this year and intense enough
that it’s triggering weather phenomena, including lightning, massive
columns of smoke and ash clouds reaching high into the atmosphere,
and even the possibility of a “fire tornado.” Loretta Mickley,
senior research fellow in chemistry-climate interactions at the
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
has examined the interaction of wildfires and climate and published
research on the likelihood that the wildfires will grow larger and
more frequent in the years to come. The Gazette spoke to Mickley to
better understand the causes, dangers, and expectations for the
future.<br>
<br>
Q&A<br>
Loretta Mickley<br>
GAZETTE: There were reports that the Bootleg Fire may have spawned a
fire tornado, which I think begs the question, “What is a fire
tornado?”<br>
<br>
MICKLEY: It is a spiraling vortex of gases and smoke and fire.
They’re rare, because you need a lot of buoyancy from heating of the
air by very hot gases coming off the fire. The buoyancy will give
the atmosphere instability, but instability alone is not enough to
create a fire tornado. You also need a stack of winds shifting in
speed or direction with height. We call this wind shear, and the
wind shear together with the intense heat could generate a fire
tornado, which, by the way, sounds horrible.<br>
<br>
GAZETTE: When you talk about buoyancy, are you talking about heat
rising? And does it have to be hotter than a regular fire to
generate a fire tornado?<br>
<br>
MICKLEY: You need a very hot fire, which you would get with dry
fuel. The drier the fuel, the more readily the fire’s energy can go
into heat, rather than evaporating.<br>
<br>
GAZETTE: Does this say something about the fire’s intensity? Or is
it more related to the drought conditions that existed before the
fire even started? Or are those the same thing?<br>
<br>
MICKLEY: They are the same thing. If you have very dry conditions
and abundant fuel — fires need a lot of underbrush or shrub land or
understory trees — then the fire will burn with greater intensity,
which means higher temperatures.<br>
<br>
GAZETTE: Do we anticipate more fire tornadoes in the years to come?<br>
<br>
MICKLEY: Fire tornadoes are so rare that we can’t say there’s a
trend so far. What we can say is that the increase in fire activity
in the West over the last 30 years is very likely tied to warmer
temperatures under climate change, which has led to drier fuel. But
the increase is also likely linked to fire management practices
during the 20th century. This is important and often gets lost in
the media, where the assumption is that all the increase in fires is
due to climate change.<br>
<br>
But that’s not true. At least some of the increase is due to the
tendency during the 20th century to suppress fires, especially in
the West. That led to an overgrowth of vegetation, denser
vegetation, which provides fuel to the fires that do occur. It’s
very challenging to tease out how much is due to climate change and
how much is due to this accumulation of fuel. The accumulated fuel
has resulted in what is sometimes called the fire deficit.<br>
<br>
The West has always burned, with occasionally sustained periods of
very frequent fires. Charcoal records in the soil indicate fairly
extensive fire activity between 1100 and 1300 A.D., which happened
to be a warm period across the West. So the West has gone through
the cycles of more fire, less fire, more fire. But now we’re really
pushing the envelope with both climate change and the accumulated
fuels.<br>
<br>
What we’d like to do is better understand what’s driving the recent
increase. The number of fires has changed only modestly since the
1980s but the size of the fires — the area burned — has dramatically
increased. For example, the area burned by lightning-strike fires in
forests has increased by a factor of six in the West since 1985...<br>
- -<br>
Harvard scientist suggests long-term exposure to smoke-filled air
could lead to premature deaths<br>
<br>
“When you get a large temperature increase over time, as we are
seeing, and little change in rainfall, fires will increase in size,"
said researcher Loretta J. Mickley. A graphic depicts the projected
increase of fires in the western United States by 2050 (courtesy of
Xu Yue). Firefighters are currently battling dozens of fires in at
least 11 states.<br>
Wildfires projected to worsen with climate change<br>
By 2050, the U.S. wildfire season will be three weeks longer, up to
twice as smoky<br>
<br>
"High temperatures are also accompanied by weak winds, causing the
atmosphere to stagnate. So the air just cooks and ozone levels can
build up,” said Loretta J. Mickley, a co-author of the study.
Pictured is the smog that sometimes blankets Los Angeles.<br>
<br>
The complex relationship between heat and ozone<br>
Unhealthy ozone days could increase by more than a week in coming
decades<br>
<br>
GAZETTE: Is that directly related to the fuel on the ground catching
fire more easily with any lightning strike?<br>
<br>
MICKLEY: That’s a good question. At least part of that is probably
due to the suppression of fire but part of that is due to climate
change. We may have a better answer in two to three years. It’s
important to keep in mind that humans have altered the climate, and
they’ve altered the landscape. Together, these have led to the
fires. Another factor is that the number of people living in
wildland areas has increased a lot since about 1990. The population
is growing, and people love living in beautiful areas. But this puts
them in harm’s way. So we’re not well insulated from these fires;
we’re more vulnerable to fires.<br>
<br>
GAZETTE: I remember hearing about the fire deficit — the accumulated
material on the forest floor — in the past and we keep hearing about
these big fires. Are we burning through this deficit or is the area
so vast compared to the area burned each year that we’re really not?<br>
<br>
MICKLEY: I would say not. It would take several decades of sustained
high levels of burning to erase the fire deficit.<br>
Interview was lightly edited for clarity and length.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/07/harvard-researcher-examines-a-fire-tornado/">https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/07/harvard-researcher-examines-a-fire-tornado/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<p> </p>
<font face="Calibri"> <br>
<i>[The news archive - looking back]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>October 31, 1978 </b></i></font> <br>
October 31, 1978: President Carter signs the National Climate
Program Act into law.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-92/pdf/STATUTE-92-Pg601.pdf">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-92/pdf/STATUTE-92-Pg601.pdf</a>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"> </font><font face="Calibri"><br>
=== Other climate news sources
===========================================<br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><b>*Inside Climate News</b><br>
Newsletters<br>
We deliver climate news to your inbox like nobody else. Every
day or once a week, our original stories and digest of the web’s
top headlines deliver the full story, for free.<br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/">https://insideclimatenews.org/</a><br>
--------------------------------------- <br>
*<b>Climate Nexus</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climatenexus.org/hot-news/*">https://climatenexus.org/hot-news/*</a>
<br>
Delivered straight to your inbox every morning, Hot News
summarizes the most important climate and energy news of the
day, delivering an unmatched aggregation of timely, relevant
reporting. It also provides original reporting and commentary on
climate denial and pro-polluter activity that would otherwise
remain largely unexposed. 5 weekday <br>
================================= <br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><b class="moz-txt-star"><span
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class="moz-txt-star"><span class="moz-txt-tag">*</span></b> <br>
Every weekday morning, in time for your morning coffee, Carbon
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and energy, as well as our pick of the key studies published in
the peer-reviewed journals. <br>
more at <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.getrevue.co/publisher/carbon-brief">https://www.getrevue.co/publisher/carbon-brief</a>
<br>
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