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<font size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b>March</b></i></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b> 31, 2024</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font><br>
<i>[ <span
style="color: rgb(33, 36, 56); font-family: Quicksand, sans-serif; font-size: 18.75px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"><span>~</span>3
inches, twice a day </span>]</i><br>
<b>Largest ice shelf in Antarctica lurches forward once or twice
each day</b><br>
by Talia Ogliore, Washington University in St. Louis<br>
MARCH 29, 2024<br>
In Antarctica, heavy glaciers are always on the move. Conveyor belts
of ice, known as ice streams, are the corridors of faster flow that
carry most of the vast glaciers' ice and sediment debris out toward
the ocean.<br>
One such ice stream jostles the entire Ross Ice Shelf out of place
at least once daily, according to new research from Washington
University in St. Louis.<br>
<br>
This finding is significant because of the scale of the Ross Ice
Shelf: It is the largest ice shelf in Antarctica, about the same
size as the country of France.<br>
<br>
"We found that the whole shelf suddenly moves about 6 to 8
centimeters (or 3 inches) once or twice a day, triggered by a slip
on an ice stream that flows into the ice shelf," said Doug Wiens,
the Robert S. Brookings Distinguished Professor of earth,
environmental and planetary sciences in Arts & Sciences. "These
sudden movements could potentially play a role in triggering
icequakes and fractures in the ice shelf."<br>
<br>
The Ross Ice Shelf is a floating lip of ice that extends out over
the ocean from inland glaciers.<br>
<br>
Scientists are interested in interactions between ice shelves and
ice streams in part because they are concerned about the stability
of Antarctica's ice shelves in a warming world.<br>
<br>
Ice shelves act as brakes for glaciers and ice streams, slowing
their journey to the sea where they melt, thus allowing more ice to
accumulate on the continent. If an ice shelf collapses, this support
disappears, and the glaciers are free to flow faster. Once they flow
into the ocean, they contribute to sea level rise.<br>
<br>
The new study, in Geophysical Research Letters, focuses on movement
triggered by the Whillans Ice Stream, one of about a half-dozen of
the large, fast-moving rivers of ice pouring into the Ross Ice
Shelf.<br>
<br>
"One would not detect the movement just by feeling it," Wiens said.
"The movement occurs over a time period of several minutes, so it is
not perceptible without instrumentation. That's why the movement has
not been detected until now, even though people have been walking
and camping on the Ross Ice Shelf since the time of the great
explorers Robert F. Scott and Roald Amundsen."<br>
<br>
<b>Sudden slipping</b><br>
The movement of the Ross Ice Shelf is triggered by a relatively
sudden—in glacial terms—movement of the ice stream called a slip
event. It is somewhat similar to the "stick-slip" that occurs along
a fault before and during an earthquake.<br>
<br>
Under the scenario that Wiens and his team observed, a large section
of the Whillans Ice Stream, measuring more than 100 km by 100 km,
remains stationary while the rest of the ice stream creeps forward.
Then, once or twice per day, the large section lurches forward
against the Ross Ice Shelf.<br>
<br>
It can move as much as 40 cm (16 inches) in a few minutes, Wiens
said.<br>
<br>
Studies of ice streams over the past 50 years show some ice streams
speeding up and others slowing down. Scientists can use seismographs
to detect the sudden motion of the ice streams to help understand
what controls this motion. Wiens and his team traveled to Antarctica
in 2014 to place the seismographs used in this study.<br>
<br>
"I've published several papers about the Whillans Ice Stream slip
events in the past but had not discovered that the whole Ross Ice
Shelf also moves until now," Wiens said.<br>
<br>
The researchers do not think that these slip events are directly
related to human-caused global warming. One theory is that they are
caused by the loss of water in the bed of the Whillans Ice Stream,
making it more "sticky."<br>
<br>
The stress and strains associated with slip events are similar to
the stress and strain observed to trigger icequakes under different
conditions.<br>
<br>
"At this point, icequakes and fractures are just part of the normal
life of the ice shelf," Wiens said. "There is a worry that the Ross
Ice Shelf will someday disintegrate since other smaller and thinner
ice shelves have done so. We also know that the Ross Ice Shelf
disintegrated during the last interglacial period—about 120,000
years ago—and that caused rapid ice loss to the other glaciers and
ice streams feeding into it."<br>
<br>
<i>More information: Douglas A. Wiens et al, Ross Ice Shelf
Displacement and Elastic Plate Waves Induced by Whillans Ice
Stream Slip Events, Geophysical Research Letters (2024). DOI:
10.1029/2023GL108040<br>
<br>
Journal information: Geophysical Research Letters </i><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://phys.org/news/2024-03-largest-ice-shelf-antarctica-lurches.html#google_vignette">https://phys.org/news/2024-03-largest-ice-shelf-antarctica-lurches.html#google_vignette</a><br>
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<p> <br>
</p>
<i>[ Hope verses Hopium - 46 min reading ]</i><br>
<b>Crucial Update on Global Warming Acceleration by James Hansen and
his pals</b><br>
Paul Beckwith<br>
Mar 29, 2024<br>
Crucial Global Warming Update by James Hansen and his pals…<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDPVQNtp4Ik">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDPVQNtp4Ik</a><br>
<p>- - <br>
</p>
<i>[ Hansen et al - latest paper ]</i><br>
<b>Global Warming Acceleration: Causes and Consequences</b><br>
12 January 2024<br>
James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Reto Ruedy<br>
<b>Abstract.</b> Record global temperature in 2023 helps reveal
acceleration of global warming on<br>
decadal time scales. The proximate cause of the acceleration is
increase of Earth’s energy<br>
imbalance, specifically a substantial darkening of the planet
(decreased albedo) equivalent to<br>
a CO2 increase of more than 100 ppm, although it is difficult to
apportion the albedo change<br>
between aerosol forcing and cloud feedbacks because of limited
global measurements. Large<br>
2023 warming is consistent with key findings in <i>Global Warming
in the Pipeline</i>:<br>
reduced aerosol cooling and high climate sensitivity. We expect
record monthly temperatures to<br>
continue into mid-2024 due to the present large planetary energy
imbalance, with the 12-<br>
month running-mean global temperature reaching +1.6-1.7°C relative
to 1880-1920 and<br>
falling to only +1.4 ± 0.1°C during the following La Nina.
Considering the large planetary<br>
energy imbalance, it will be clear that the world is passing through
the 1.5°C ceiling, and is<br>
headed much higher, unless steps are taken to affect Earth’s energy
imbalance.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2024/AnnualT2023.2024.01.12.pdf">https://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2024/AnnualT2023.2024.01.12.pdf</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<i>[ mis and dis information watch ]</i><br>
<b>Climate Reporting Resources<i><br>
</i></b>A new report from Nielsen and Climate Central explores how
and when local television news discussed climate change when
covering recent extreme weather events. <b><i><br>
</i></b><b>KEY CONCEPTS</b><br>
<blockquote> Most adults in the U.S. (72%) are convinced that
global warming is happening, yet only 58% understand that human
activities are the main cause. <br>
<br>
Local news is uniquely positioned to fill these knowledge gaps
and inform the public on the causes and consequences of climate
change — especially during extreme weather events.<br>
<br>
A new report from Nielsen and Climate Central analyzed four
recent extreme weather events in the U.S. to understand when and
how local television news coverage discussed climate change. <br>
<br>
Audiences surged during these events. Related coverage that
discussed climate change reached over 17 million people across the
50 largest U.S. media markets. <br>
<br>
Attribution science was also reflected in television coverage,
informing local audiences about the influence of human-caused
climate change on extreme weather events as they unfold.<br>
A roundup of science-based reporting resources can help bring
climate change context into a range of storie<i>s.</i><br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/climate-reporting-resources">https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/climate-reporting-resources</a><i><br>
</i>
<p><i> - - <br>
</i></p>
<p><b>Read the full report:</b>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://assets.ctfassets.net/cxgxgstp8r5d/46cnfTnpfdt1hSOthASKWO/1524be072be2b3248a82dc8267eba9b3/Climate-Central-report-v1-d06-FINAL.pdf">https://assets.ctfassets.net/cxgxgstp8r5d/46cnfTnpfdt1hSOthASKWO/1524be072be2b3248a82dc8267eba9b3/Climate-Central-report-v1-d06-FINAL.pdf</a></p>
<p><b>Connecting the dots</b><br>
Local U.S. television coverage of extreme weather and climate
change<br>
</p>
<b>Key Findings </b><br>
Extreme weather events increasingly affect daily lives in the U.S.
and across the globe. When such events occur,<br>
local television news plays two key roles: preparing audiences for
near-term hazards and informing audiences<br>
about long-term changes in extreme events due to our warming
climate. Local media has a powerful role to play<br>
in keeping people safe and educating people to take action to reduce
the impacts of climate change.<br>
According to research published by the American Meteorological
Society, local weather broadcasting is<br>
extremely effective in raising awareness about climate change
Feygina et al., 2020. This report analyzed<br>
local television news coverage of four recent extreme weather events
that had notable impacts in the U.S.<br>
to understand when and how event-related coverage discussed climate
change. The five key findings are:<br>
<blockquote><b>1. When television segments with climate change
context occur, they have high reach and impact.</b><br>
Although just 5% of event-related segments provided climate change
context those segments<br>
collectively reached more than 17 million people across the 50
largest U.S. media markets. Even<br>
when they occur at relatively low frequency, television segments
that provide climate change context<br>
during extreme weather events have a large and widespread impact.<br>
<br>
<b>2. Audiences surged during extreme weather events.</b><br>
Local television news audiences grew dramatically in the most
directly impacted media markets as<br>
extreme events unfolded, likely due to the breaking news nature of
these events and the immediate<br>
threats they posed to public safety. Most notably, local
television audiences doubled in Orlando<br>
(Hurricane Ian) and increased 78% in Los Angeles (Tropical Storm
Hilary) compared to the week prior<br>
to each event. As extreme events occur, the public turns to local
television broadcasts to stay<br>
prepared and informed.<br>
<br>
<b>3. Extreme heat was connected to climate change most often,
reflecting the state of the science.</b> <br>
The extreme July 2023 heat streak in Phoenix accounted for almost
half (48%) of all<br>
climate-contextualized segments across all four events.
Significantly higher rates of climate<br>
contextualization during extreme heat events are notable because
they broadly reflect the state of the<br>
science. Scientific confidence in the attribution of extreme heat
to human-induced climate change is<br>
considerably higher than for any other type of extreme weather
event.<br>
<br>
<b>4. Climate-contextualized segments highlight hazardous impacts.</b><br>
An analysis of closed captioning text from contextualized segments
found communicating the<br>
hazardous impacts extreme weather has on local communities was
key. While all segments mentioned<br>
at least one event-related impact, nearly all (96%)
climate-contextualized segments mentioned at<br>
least one major impact that fell into one of five categories:
health and safety, vulnerable communities,<br>
power supply and demand, the economy, and travel disruption. The
most frequently mentioned<br>
impacts were related to health and safety—consistent with the
acute risks faced during extreme<br>
weather events. Contextualized segments on Canadian wildfires in
June 2023 had the highest rate of<br>
health and safety mentions, reflecting the serious and widespread
health risks from exposure to<br>
wildfire smoke.<br>
<br>
<b>5. Local news is a critical lever for raising science-based
awareness about climate change.</b><br>
Local newscasters, particularly broadcast meteorologists, have
daily contact with the American public.<br>
They can inform audiences about how specific weather events are
connected to rising temperatures<br>
and climate change. As extreme weather increases with climate
change, viewers overwhelmingly turn<br>
to local news for answers. For example, during Hurricane Ian,
local news streaming apps in Orlando<br>
saw increases of over 244% for persons aged 2 and up and 395% for
persons aged 25-54. Local<br>
broadcasters play a crucial role in keeping the public safe and
empowering people to make informed<br>
decisions<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://assets.ctfassets.net/cxgxgstp8r5d/46cnfTnpfdt1hSOthASKWO/1524be072be2b3248a82dc8267eba9b3/Climate-Central-report-v1-d06-FINAL.pdf">https://assets.ctfassets.net/cxgxgstp8r5d/46cnfTnpfdt1hSOthASKWO/1524be072be2b3248a82dc8267eba9b3/Climate-Central-report-v1-d06-FINAL.pdf</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<i>[ What is happening now? ]</i><br>
<b>Heat Waves Are Moving Slower and Staying Longer, Study Finds</b><br>
Climate change is making heat waves linger for longer stretches of
time, exacerbating the effects of extreme temperatures.<br>
By Delger Erdenesanaa<br>
March 29, 2024<br>
When heat waves swept across large parts of the planet last summer,
in many places the oppressive temperatures loitered for days or
weeks at a time. As climate change warms the planet, heat waves are
increasingly moving sluggishly and lasting longer, according to a
study published on Friday.<br>
<br>
Each decade between 1979 and 2020, the rate at which heat waves
travel, pushed along by air circulation, slowed by about 5 miles per
day, the study found. Heat waves also now last about four days
longer on average.<br>
<br>
“This really has strong impacts on public health,” said Wei Zhang, a
climate scientist at Utah State University and one of the authors of
the study, which appeared in the journal Science Advances.<br>
<br>
The longer heat waves stick around in one place, the longer people
are exposed to life-threatening temperatures. As workers slow down
during extreme heat, so does economic productivity. Heat waves also
dry out soil and vegetation, harming crops and raising the risk of
wildfires.<br>
These changes to heat wave behavior have been more noticeable since
the late 1990s, Dr. Zhang said. He attributes the changes in large
part to human-caused climate change, but also in part to natural
climate variability.<br>
<br>
The study is among the first to track how heat waves move through
both space and time.<br>
<br>
Rachel White, an atmospheric scientist at the University of British
Columbia who wasn’t involved in the paper, said she had been waiting
to see research like this.<br>
“We know that climate change is increasing the intensity of heat
waves. We know climate change is increasing the frequency of heat
waves,” Dr. White said. “But this study really helps us understand
more about how that’s happening.”<br>
<br>
Dr. Zhang and his colleagues analyzed temperatures around the world
between 1979 and 2020. They defined heat waves as contiguous areas
reaching a total of 1 million square kilometers (247 million acres)
or more, where temperatures rose to at least the 95th percentile of
the local historical maximum temperature (basically, enormous blobs
of unusually hot air). The heat waves also had to last for at least
three days. The researchers then measured how far these giant air
masses moved over time to calculate their speed.<br>
<br>
Over all the years they studied, heat waves slowed down by about 8
kilometers per day each decade, or nearly 5 miles per day each
decade.<br>
The average life span of heat waves has also stretched out: From
2016-20, they persisted for an average of 12 days, compared with
eight days from 1979 to 1983. These longer-lived heat waves are also
traveling farther, increasing the distance they travel by about 226
kilometers per decade.<br>
<br>
The researchers also found that heat waves are becoming more
frequent, to an average of 98 per year between 2016 and 2020, from
75 per year between 1979 and 1983.<br>
<br>
There are some regional differences. Heat waves are lasting longer
particularly in Eurasia and North America. And they are traveling
farther particularly in South America.<br>
<br>
To examine the role of climate change, the researchers used models
to simulate temperatures in scenarios with and without the warming
from human greenhouse gas emissions. They found that the scenario
with these emissions was the best match for what has actually
happened to heat wave behavior, indicating that climate change is a
major force behind these trends.<br>
Scientists have started to detect a larger pattern of air
circulation and upper atmosphere winds like the jet streams getting
weaker, at least during the summer at higher latitudes in the
Northern Hemisphere. This could cause extreme weather events of all
kinds to stall and overstay their welcome.<br>
<br>
“It stands to reason that that would slow down the speed of heat
waves,” said Stephen Vavrus, the state climatologist for Wisconsin.
Dr. Vavrus studies atmospheric circulation but wasn’t involved in
this research.<br>
<br>
The new study did find a correlation between a weaker jet stream and
slower heat waves. Dr. White, however, thinks more research is
needed to determine whether the jet stream is truly the cause.<br>
<br>
No matter the exact reasons for the slowdown, the harmful effects
remain.<br>
<br>
“It’s sort of multiple factors conspiring together,” Dr. Vavrus
said. If heat waves become more frequent, more intense, last longer
and cover a greater area, he said, “that really increases the
concern we have for their impacts.”<br>
<br>
Dr. Zhang is especially concerned about cities, which are often
hotter than their surrounding areas because of the urban heat island
effect. “If those heat waves last in the city for much longer than
before, that would cause a very dangerous situation,” he said.<br>
<br>
Alongside his atmospheric research, Dr. Zhang is helping with local
efforts to plant more trees and grasses around bus stops in Salt
Lake City, where people have to wait in the sun during increasingly
hot summers. He suggested that cities build more cooling centers,
especially for people experiencing homelessness.<br>
<br>
“There are some things a community can do,” he said.<br>
<br>
While waiting for international leaders to make progress on cutting
greenhouse gas emissions and stopping climate change, Dr. Zhang
said, local adaptation efforts are important to help keep people
safer.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/29/climate/heat-waves-longer-slower.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/29/climate/heat-waves-longer-slower.html</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<font face="Calibri"><br>
<i>[The news archive of idiots in Congress ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>March 31, 2009 </b></i></font> <br>
</font>
<p>March 31, 2009: <br>
<br>
• MSNBC's Keith Olbermann rips denialist Rep. John Shimkus (R-IL):<br>
<br>
"But our winner, Congressman John Shimkus, Republican of Illinois,
with two fascinating and utterly contradictory statements. A,
Congressman Shimkus on why there isn‘t global warming. 'Today we
have about 388 parts per million of Carbon Dioxide in the
atmosphere. I think in the age of the dinosaurs, when we had most
flora and fauna, we were probably at 4,000 parts per million.
There‘s a theological debate that this is a carbon-starved planet,
not too much carbon.' <br>
<br>
"Number one, Carbon and Carbon Dioxide are not the same thing.
Number two, the only theological debate over how much carbon the
plan needs would be taking place in the church of the Labrea Tar
Pits. Number three, didn‘t the freaking dinosaurs go extinct? Or
do they just have a bad public relations person? <br>
<br>
"But I‘m digressing. B, Congressman Shimkus on why it doesn‘t
matter anyway. 'The Earth will end only when God declares it‘s
time to be over. A man will not destroy this Earth. This Earth
will not be destroyed by a flood. I appreciate having panelists
here who are men of faith, and we can get into the theological
discourse of that position. But I do believe that God‘s word is
infallible, unchanging, perfect.'<br>
<br>
"So a man pressing a button to start a nuclear war, that would be
God‘s infallible word? Why do we bother trying to govern? Can‘t
he do something about the budget deficit? By the way, as you hit
me over the head with your Bible, Congressman, there ain‘t a word
in it about those dinosaurs you mentioned earlier. <br>
<br>
"Congressman John Shimkus of Illinois, today‘s worst person in the
world!"<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBf75v2k3EE">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBf75v2k3EE</a><br>
<br>
• MSNBC's Rachel Maddow also mocks Shimkus during her "GOP in
Exile" segment:<br>
<br>
"While the Republican Party continues its search for mean in the
minority, one Republican congressman, John Shimkus of Illinois,
maybe should stop searching. Just sit down, Congressman and take
a breather, honestly. Check this out:<br>
<br>
"REP. JOHN SHIMKUS (R-IL): Today, we have about 388 parts per
million in the atmosphere. I think in the age of dinosaurs, where
we had more flora and fauna, we were probably at 4,000 parts per
million. There is a theological debate that this is a carbon
starved planet, not too much carbon. <br>
<br>
"MADDOW: In other words, we shouldn‘t bother trying to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere because the dinosaurs
did just fine with the tons of carbon that God gave them for their
atmosphere. Also, the dodo bird ate plenty of cholesterol. And
the saber tooth tiger never, ever flossed. Stop worrying,
people."<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF9z-QkeO-E">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF9z-QkeO-E</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
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