[TheClimate.Vote] January 25, 2019 - Daily Global Warming News Digest

[Richard Pauli]

/January 25, 2019/

[activism #1 all Fridays]
*Teenage activist takes School Strikes 4 Climate Action to Davos*
Protest by 16-year-old Greta Thunberg snowballs to last day of World 
Economic Forum
- -
Students around the world have been inspired by Thunberg, with thousands 
skipping school in Australia in November. Last Friday there were strikes 
in Germany, Belgium and Switzerland, where more than 20,000 students 
skipped school.
Missing gym class, geography and religion each Friday is something of a 
sacrifice for Thunberg, who says she loves school and can't pick a 
favourite subject.

"I like all subjects. I love learning, which people maybe don't think 
about me."

She's also been forced to give up her hobbies, as climate change 
activism has taken more of her time. "I used to play theatre, sing, 
dance, play an instrument, ride horses, lots of things."
She's sanguine, though, pointing out that climate activism is much more 
important: "You have to see the bigger perspective."
Thunberg said she would like more students to join her strike. "That 
would have a huge impact, but I'm not going to force anyone to do this."...
- - -
The school strikes last Friday were by far the biggest to date. In 
Germany, an estimated 30,000 students left their schools in more than 50 
cities to protest, carrying banners including: "Why learn without a 
future?" and "Grandpa, what is a snowman?" One 17-year-old student in 
Kiel, Moritz, told Deutsche Welle: "We want to help shape and secure our 
future so that there will be another world for us to live in in 60 years."
In Belgium, 12,500 students went on strike last Thursday and plan to 
strike weekly until the EU elections in May. Some teachers were tolerant 
of the truancy. Patrick Lancksweerdt, in Brussels, said: "Education has 
to turn youngsters into mature citizens. By their actions, they proved 
that they are."
School strikes also took place in 15 cities and towns in Switzerland. In 
Geneva, 12-year-old Selma Joly said: "Frankly, I would rather demand 
climate action than go to school. Otherwise, years from now, we may no 
longer be here."
Janine O'Keeffe, who helps coordinate and keep track of the school 
strikes from her home in Stockholm, Sweden, was surprised at the scale 
of last week's actions: "I am still in shock, actually - a nice kind of 
shock."
Jennifer Morgan, executive director of Greenpeace, says youth activism 
on climate change gives her hope. "The 15-year-olds just speak truth to 
power."
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/24/school-strikes-over-climate-change-continue-to-snowball
- -
[video]
*Greta Thunberg's Message to Davos*
UPFSI
Published on Jan 23, 2019
Subscribe to http://ScientistsWarning.TV - After Greta Thunberg caught 
the attention of world media with her precocious clarity at COP-24, she 
was invited to participate in a panel at the World Economic Forum in 
Davos.  Here is Greta's message to Davos before leaving by train from 
Stockholm to Switzerland.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWGEqKRC_Ts


[Activism #2 Extinction Rebellion Saturday January 26]
*FIGHT FOR LIFE*
We are facing an unprecedented global emergency. The government has 
failed to protect us. To survive, it's going to take everything we've got.
WE DECLARE: INTERNATIONAL NON-VIOLENT REBELLION AGAINST THE WORLD'S 
GOVERNMENTS FOR CRIMINAL INACTION ON THE ECOLOGICAL CRISIS
THE US EXTINCTION REBELLION HAS BEGUN
WE ARE PART OF AN INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT DEMANDING REAL SOLUTIONS TO THE 
CLIMATE CRISIS. WE WILL NOT REST UNTIL THE PLANET IS SAFE.
*US REBELLION DAY 1* - Jan/26/19
Wherever you are, take action on January 26th!

The US Extinction Rebellion begins on January 26th through a nationwide 
day of nonviolent civil disobedience and protest.
Extinction Rebellion is an international movement dedicated to raising 
the alarm about the dire threat of climate change and using mass 
nonviolent civil disobedience to force governments to take action.

*These are our demands:*
1. The Government must tell the truth about the climate and wider 
ecological emergency, reverse inconsistent policies and work alongside 
the media to communicate with citizens.

2. The Government must enact legally binding policy measures to reduce 
carbon emissions to net zero by 2025 and to reduce consumption levels.

3. A national Citizen's Assembly to oversee the changes, as part of 
creating a democracy fit for purpose.

On January 26th, take action and say "Enough is Enough!" Whether you 
protest or participate in a disruptive action, the goal is to make it 
clear that we will no longer support a system that is leading us toward 
death and to rally more supporters to our cause.

Join the rebellion here and you will be contacted if there is an event 
occurring in your area: https://xrebellion.org/xr-us/signup

The future is at stake, but together, a better world is possible.
https://rebellion.earth/


[activism #3 ]
*The dangerous Line 3 pipeline in Minnesota *would send a million 
barrels of tar sands oil--the dirtiest fossil fuel in the world--through 
the headwaters of the Mississippi River, tribal treaty lands and sacred 
wild rice beds. It must be stopped. #StopLine3
https://twitter.com/SenSanders/status/1088533144821686273


[Opinion published in Rand Corporation]
COMMENTARY(The Conversation)January 23, 2019
*Triaging Climate Change*
Benjamin Preston, Johanna Nalau
*We can't save everything from climate change - here's how to make choices*
January 23, 2019
Recent reports have delivered sobering messages about climate change and 
its consequences. They include the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 
Change's Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5C; the fourth 
installment of the U.S. government's National Climate Assessment; and 
the World Meteorological Organization's initial report on the State of 
the Global Climate 2018.

As these reports show, climate change is already occurring, with impacts 
that will become more intense for decades into the future. They also 
make clear that reducing greenhouse gas emissions from human activities 
to a level that would limit warming to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees 
Fahrenheit) or less above preindustrial levels will pose unprecedented 
challenges.

Today, however, there is a large and growing gap between what countries 
say they'd like to achieve and what they have committed to do. As 
scholars focused on climate risk management and adaptation, we believe 
*it is time to think about managing climate change damage in terms of 
triage*.
- - -
*What triage-based planning looks like*
Other experts have called for climate change triage in contexts such as 
managing sea level rise and flood risk and conserving ecosystems. But so 
far, this approach has not made inroads into adaptation policy.

How can societies enable triage-based planning? One key step is to 
invest in valuing assets that are at risk. Placing a value on assets 
exchanged in economic markets, such as agriculture, is relatively 
straightforward. For example, RAND and Louisiana State University have 
estimated the costs of coastal land loss in Louisiana owing to property 
loss, increased storm damage, and loss of wetland habitat that supports 
commercial fisheries.

Valuing non-market assets, such as cultural resources, is more 
challenging but not impossible. When North Carolina's Cape Hatteras 
lighthouse was in danger of collapsing into the sea, heroic efforts were 
taken to move it further inland because of its historic and cultural 
significance. Similarly, Congress makes judgments on behalf of the 
American people regarding the value of historic and cultural resources 
when it enacts legislation to add them to the U.S. national park system.
*The next step is identifying adaptation strategies that have a 
reasonable chance of reducing risks*. RAND's support for the Louisiana 
Coastal Master Plan included an analysis of $50 billion in ecosystem 
restoration and coastal protection projects that ranked the benefits 
those projects would generate in terms of avoided damages.

This approach reflects the so-called "resilience dividend" - a "bonus" 
that comes from investing in more climate-resilient communities. For 
example, a recent report from the National Institute of Building 
Sciences estimated that every dollar invested in federal disaster 
mitigation programs - enhancing building codes, subsidizing hurricane 
shutters or acquiring flood-prone houses - saves society $6. 
Nevertheless, there are limits to the level of climate change that any 
investment can address.
*The third step is investing enough financial, social and political 
capital to meet the priorities that society has agreed on*. In 
particular, this means including adaptation in the budgets of federal, 
state, and local government agencies and departments, and being 
transparent about what these organizations are investing in and why.

Much progress has been made in improving disclosure of corporate 
exposure to greenhouse gas reduction policies through mechanisms such as 
the Task Force on Climate-Related Disclosures, a private sector 
initiative working to help businesses identify and disclose risks to 
their operations from climate policy. But less attention has been given 
to disclosing risks to businesses from climate impacts, such as the 
disruption of supply chains, or those faced by public organizations, 
such as city governments.
*Finally, governments need to put frameworks and metrics in place so 
that they can measure their progress.* The Paris Climate Agreement calls 
on countries to report on their adaptation efforts. In response, tools 
like InformedCity in Australia are emerging that enable organizations to 
measure their progress toward adaptation goals. Nevertheless, many 
organizations - from local governments to corporate boardrooms - are not 
equipped to evaluate whether their efforts to adapt have been effective.

There are many opportunities to manage climate risk around the world, 
but not everything can be saved. Delaying triage of climate damages 
could leave societies making ad hoc decisions instead of focusing on 
protecting the things they value most.
https://theconversation.com/we-cant-save-everything-from-climate-change-heres-how-to-make-choices-108141
- -
[Emvironmental Law]
*Climate Change Triage*
BY NOAH M. SACHS
This Article examines three potential allocation principles that could 
potentially apply in climate change triage -- utilitarianism, 
egalitarianism, and a market-based distribution -- it concludes that 
egalitarianism is the preferable allocation principle from the 
standpoint of ethics and international law. This Article ends by 
exploring four major policy implications that emerge from viewing 
climate change through the lens of triage.
- - -
With its focus on harmonization of goals, the sustainable development 
paradigm has lulled people into a false optimism that economic growth 
and ecological preservation can reinforce each other, and do so 
indefinitely. A more honest evaluation of our situation would recognize 
that there needs to be some agreement--negotiated through a political 
process--on what steps need to be taken to preserve specific scarce and 
irreplaceable resources. In other words, there needs to be a triage 
planning process.

Climate change triage, far more than the broad concept of sustainable 
development, focuses attention on specific ecological resources that 
need to be preserved. Because triage is premised on conserving and 
allocating scarce resources, it highlights, in a way that sustainable 
development does not, that there are limits to the growth in the scale 
of human activities. The science is clear that we need to achieve 
certain numeric targets for annual global emissions and for atmospheric 
concentrations of greenhouse gases, and a triage framework uses that 
science as its underlying metric for planning. Sustainable development, 
in contrast, lacks any yardstick for measuring success.

By failing to specify its ecological aims or the process that needs to 
be implemented to avert catastrophic warming, sustainable development 
has become increasingly irrelevant as an organizing concept for the 
international law of climate change. A successor paradigm is needed. 
Viewing the climate crisis through the lens of triage provides an 
alternative framework that highlights, rather than obscures, the 
political, technological, and ethical choices we face.

*V. Conclusion*
Climate change has long been recognized as a problem of pollution of the 
global commons. But the features of the problem that resemble triage, 
such as a quantified and limited carbon budget, complicated zero-sum 
allocation dilemmas, and increasingly severe climate change impacts, 
have come into view more recently. As this Article has shown, the 
ethical principles that have governed traditional triage contexts help 
to illuminate how to structure a fair and effective global climate 
change regime. While the triage lens cannot dictate every aspect of a 
climate change treaty, it both highlights the core allocation dilemma at 
the heart of treaty negotiations and points the way toward just solutions.

Triage, to be sure, can be interpreted as pessimistic and defeatist. We 
often use the word triage when something has gone horribly wrong. People 
use the word in casual conversation when they feel overwhelmed with 
competing priorities. In the context of climate change, triage reflects 
the reality we face. A triage framework for climate change mitigation is 
not an abandonment of justice. It instead provides an organizing 
framework for finding just solutions within the new reality of scarcity 
and constraint.
http://elawreview.org/articles/climate-change-triage/


[video- Davos World Economic Forum]
*How to Escape Species Extinction*
by Editor
Panel discussion at the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 23, 2019. 
Between 1970 and 2020, the world will have experienced a two-thirds 
decline in wildlife populations. What are the consequences of the loss 
of biodiversity for our survival?
Speakers are Marco Lambertini (WWF), Naomi Oreskes (Harvard University), 
Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim (UNCCD), Inger Andersen (IUCN), and Ricken Patel 
(Avaaz).
https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting/sessions/surviving-biodiversity-loss


[What else?]
*Climate Change May Be Creating a Groundwater 'Time Bomb,' Scientists Say*
By Pam Wright
Scientists say it takes much longer for groundwater systems to respond 
to climate change.
Some systems could take up to 100 years to show impacts from global 
warming occurring now.
Climate change may be creating a groundwater "time bomb" as the world's 
underground water systems catch up to the impacts of global warming.

Researchers for a study published Monday in the journal Nature Climate 
Change say more than half of the world's groundwater systems -- the 
largest source of usable freshwater in the world -- could take more than 
100 years to completely respond to current environmental changes from 
global warming.

Groundwater is replenished primarily by rainfall through a process known 
as recharge. Concurrently, water exits or discharges from groundwater 
sources into lakes, streams and oceans to maintain an overall balance.

When there is a change in recharge due to a lack of rainfall, for 
example, levels of groundwater drop until balance is restored.

The problem facing scientists, government officials and water management 
planners is knowing exactly when recharge changes occurring now as a 
result of global warming will be reflected in discharge from groundwater 
sources into lakes, streams and oceans.

"Our research shows that groundwater systems take a lot longer to 
respond to climate change than surface water, with only half of the 
world's groundwater flows responding fully within 'human' timescales of 
100 years," Mark Cuthbert, lead author and research fellow at Cardiff 
University's School of Earth and Ocean Sciences and Water Research 
Institute said in the press release...
https://weather.com/science/environment/news/2019-01-23-ground-water-time-bomb-climate-change-global-warming


[denial wars]
*Climate Denial Efforts Target Media, Cities Filing Liability Suits*
Meet the Press drew the ire of the Competitive Enterprise Institute for 
keeping deniers out of its episode on climate change.
By Karen Savage
The conservative think tank Competitive Enterprise Institute has been 
busily pressing forward with its mission to promote climate denial, 
using high-profile tactics like full-page ads in major newspapers. But 
it is also working behind the scenes, filing records requests to dig for 
information from cities filing climate liability suits and academics 
studying the topic.

As the science has grown definitive in tying global warming to the 
burning of fossil fuels, even oil companies have been forced to 
acknowledge the overwhelming scientific consensus and back away publicly 
from climate denial efforts. But CEI continues to double down on their 
mission to claim the science is not settled.

CEI made a splash this week by purchasing full-page ads in the 
Washington Post and Wall Street Journal taking issue with Meet the Press 
host Chuck Todd and NBC for refusing to give airtime to denialists 
during his Dec. 30 show about climate change.

The think tank has deep ties to the fossil fuel industry and has long 
worked to promote climate denial. And as municipalities have begun to 
sue fossil fuel companies, including Exxon, CEI has filed briefs and 
launched other campaigns defending them.

According to Kert Davies, founder and director of the Climate 
Investigations Center, CEI's most recent push is likely motivated by the 
increasing number of those lawsuits and investigations of the fossil 
fuel industry.

"CEI has a personal interest in how these lawsuits proceed because they 
had a contract with ExxonMobil Foundation from the 1990s--they got over 
$2 million through 2007 when Exxon abruptly dropped them," said Davies, 
adding that he expects lawyers pressing suits against the company would 
want to see the contracts between CEI and Exxon during that period.

CEI's tactics go beyond its attempts to sway public opinion.

Last year, CEI sued UCLA to obtain emails the organization said were 
exchanged between two UCLA climate law professors and state attorneys 
general offices involved in investigations of the oil giant.

An ethics complaint filed by another fossil fuel industry-backed group 
in December against then-New York Attorney General Barbara Underwood 
echoes a report written by CEI legal fellow Chris Horner. The report 
relied on public records requests to allege that attorneys general are 
involved in a coordinated scheme by private interests to hold oil giants 
responsible for climate change. That alleged conspiracy includes 
Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey, who is also investigating 
Exxon for possible fraud.

Horner has also filed information requests with municipalities filing 
suit against the oil and gas industry, including Richmond and San 
Francisco. In those requests, he is seeking records related to a climate 
litigation-related briefing he said took place at Harvard in 2016 
between activists, private attorneys and public employees of various 
states' attorney general's offices.

In July, he requested communication belonging to staff members in the 
Rhode Island attorney general's office, after it became the first U.S. 
state to attempt to hold the fossil fuel industry accountable for 
climate change by filing suit against 21 oil and gas companies. Horner's 
request was for communication between special assistant attorney general 
Greg Schult, senior policy advisor Matthew Lenz and legal experts 
involved in climate litigation in other municipalities, including 
attorney Matthew Pawa, Niskanen Center chief counsel David Bookbinder 
and director of climate policy Joseph Majkut.

Horner is also on the board of directors of the non-profit Government 
Accountability and Oversight, the organization behind Climate Litigation 
Watch, which posts public records obtained in an attempt to "expose the 
network of influence involving the litigation surrounding climate change."

CEI has used full-page ads in major newspapers in previous campaigns to 
try to discredit climate action.

In one ad that appeared in The New York Times in 2016, CEI--along with 
more than 40 signatories--claimed that attorneys general across the 
country were abusing their power by attempting to silence the "debate" 
on climate science.

Between 1997 and 2014, those signatories and the organizations they 
represent received more than $10 million from Exxon, ExxonMobil and the 
ExxonMobil Foundation and they received more than $21 million from the 
Koch brothers, who have long funded climate denial efforts in support of 
their fossil fuel businesses.

Today, full-page ads in the Washington Post can cost $100,000 and more. 
Ads in the Wall Street Journal can top $325,000.

CEI did not respond to a request for further comment, but in its press 
release said the ads push back on Todd and NBC's decision to "exclude 
guests who disagree with alarmists and calls for a real and open debate 
about the impacts of climate alarmist policies."

"Americans of all political stripes tune into NBC's Meet the Press with 
the expectation that the great political issues of the day will be 
debated vigorously by guests representing a full range of viewpoints," 
said CEI President Kent Lassman, who describes climate deniers as 
"realists" and those who agree with the scientific consensus as "alarmists."

"Barring climate policy realists, whose positions are based in 
real-world scientific data, limits discussion to pre-approved outcomes 
and forecloses innovative policy solutions," he said. "NBC has made it 
perfectly clear they have no interest in hosting an open debate on 
climate change or policy alternatives for the environment, as evidenced 
by their decision to reject both guests on-air and paid ads during the 
program to give expert views shared by millions of Americans."

NBC did not respond to a request for comment.

Because CEI does not disclose its donors, it's unclear who is funding 
the current ads, but it has previously received funding directly from 
David Koch, as well as coal giants Massey Energy Company and Murray 
Energy Corporation.

The ads fit into a long-running strategy to cloud the issue of climate 
science to the public.

CEI was named in a 1998 email to the American Petroleum Institute's 
global climate science communications team as a possible funding 
recipient in a campaign to implement a "Climate Action Plan."

According to that plan, "victory will be achieved" when people and the 
media are convinced there is significant uncertainty in climate science 
and "media coverage reflects balance on climate science and recognizes 
the validity of viewpoints that challenge the current 'conventional 
wisdom.'"

Davies said in addition to potentially having to face an examination of 
its relationship with Exxon in the course of climate litigation, CEI has 
other concerns.

Davies pointed to a study published this week showing Greenland's ice is 
melting faster than previously thought and a recent Yale poll showing 
that 73 percent of people in the U.S. understand climate change is 
occurring and 62 percent understand it is mostly human-caused.

"The evidence is in front of people, the weather's messed up, the 
climate's messed up, the public opinion is moving away from CEI, and 
then they strike out at a national news broadcast for not including this 
extreme minority opinion that there's nothing to worry about," Davies said.
https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2019/01/24/cei-chuck-todd-meet-the-press-climate-denial/



[Davos World Economic Forum measures  Top Global Risks]
*Global Risk Perception, Deception and Delusion*
https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting/sessions/global-risk-perception-deception-and-delusion 



[anyone who's lived on a farm]
*Farm manure boosts greenhouse gas emissions--even in winter*
January 22, 2019, University of Vermont
Decisions farmers make over the spring and summer can dramatically 
increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions later in the winter.
That's a key takeaway from a new University of Vermont study that shows, 
for the first time, that the impacts of farmers' manure use decisions 
extend beyond the growing season to influence emissions on warm winter days.

"This could have big impacts as winters become warmer and soils thaw 
more frequently," said lead author Carol Adair, of UVM's Rubenstein 
School of Environment and Natural Resources and Gund Institute for 
Environment. "If croplands move farther north with warming climates, 
this could increase the contributions of agriculture to global GHG 
emissions."

The study, published in Soil Science Society of America Journal, 
provides some of the first measures of GHG emissions from agricultural 
soils in Vermont and highlights important trade-offs with current 
agriculture practices, such as injecting manure into soils.

While it's known that farmers' decisions to add nutrients to their 
fields affects greenhouse gas emissions during the growing season, Adair 
and colleagues find that these choices have long-lasting effects: they 
can increase emissions of powerful greenhouse gases, especially nitrous 
oxide (N2O), during wintertime thaws.

Emissions of GHGs (CO2 and N2O) from agricultural soils have been 
well-studied during the growing season, much less so during winter. 
Understanding the lasting consequences of management decisions is 
becoming more critical, as agriculture is expected to expand and 
intensify in northern regions as the climate warms, researchers say.

"By injecting manure, farmers are trying to do the right thing and keep 
manure on the farm, in their soils and crops, and out of waterways," 
said Adair. "These results, in conjunction with our previous research 
that found injection to also increase emissions during the growing 
season, suggest that there may be important tradeoffs to consider when 
deciding on a method of manure application."

GHG emissions result from the activity of soil microbes, such as 
bacteria, which break down manure into nutrients useable by crops. 
"During typical winters, when soils are very cold, microbes basically 
hibernate, but they are just waiting for the right conditions to be 
active again," said Adair. "When soils warm up just a bit--or 
thaw--microbes wake up and quickly start producing GHGs."

Researchers conducted a laboratory study on frozen soils collected from 
field trials in Vermont. The agricultural lands received different 
methods of manure application (broadcast, broadcast plus incorporation 
by plow, and injection) during the growing season. In the lab, 
researchers subjected soil cores to either a frozen, freeze/thaw, or 
thaw treatment for eight days.

The research team found that the method of manure application strongly 
impacted emission rates of CO2 and N2O--a GHG roughly 300 times more 
powerful at trapping heat than CO2 - from soils. During winter thaws, 
N2O emissions from manure-injected soils were up to 20 times greater 
than emissions from soils with surface broadcast or broadcast plus plow 
manure application.

Release of CO2 and N2O was up to eight times greater from soils that 
thawed than from soils left frozen, but this varied depending on manure 
application method. Nitrous oxide emissions from injected soils were 2-3 
times greater than from soils broadcast with manure and 4-19 times 
greater than from soils broadcast and plowed. The type of manure 
application also affected CO2 but not nearly as much as it affected N2O.

The researchers have some theories as to why GHG emissions are greater 
with manure injection and plan further study. "Microbes that produce CO2 
and N2O need carbon and nitrate, and injections of manure 6-8 inches 
below the soil surface may increase availability of those nutrients," 
said Adair. "Another potential reason is that the manure application 
treatments change microbial communities; there may be more of the type 
of microbe that produces N2O in injected soils."

"This study gave us an incredibly useful launching point for expanding 
this research, and enabled us to work with more Vermont farmers," said 
Lindsay Barbieri, Ph.D. student in the Rubenstein School and Gund 
Institute. "Together we're monitoring GHG emissions, alongside water 
quality, crop yield, and other measurements, from agricultural soils and 
practices. This is happening directly in the field, for longer periods 
of time, as we work to better understand the complexities of 
agricultural practices and the role of GHG emissions in Vermont."
Explore further: Digging deep for ways to curb ammonia emissions
Journal reference: Soil Science Society of America Journal
https://phys.org/news/2019-01-farm-manure-boosts-greenhouse-gas.html#jCp


[12 min video of harsh reality given to first year college students]
*Rupert Read addresses arriving 1st Year UEA Students*
Rupert Read
Published on Oct 16, 2016
Dr Rupert Read, Reader in Philosophy, gives a talk addressing arriving 
1st Year Students at the University of East Anglia.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjeLE-ROSOI


[one person's prediction for Wild Vertebrate Extinction]
*-Humanity's Destructive Behavior -*
AT CURRENT RATES OF DECLINE, 100% of WILD VERTEBRATES WILL DIE OFF BY
YEAR ZERO : 2026
http://www.climatehealers.org/facts


Think Radio conversation
*Devon Pena -- The art of decolonizing...everything*
Devon Pena is a prolific writer and professor of American Ethnic Studies 
and Anthropology at the University of Washington. He's the founder and 
president of the Acequia Institute in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. 
His most recent book is called "Mexican Origin Foods, Foodways and 
Social Origins: Decolonial Perspectives."
https://youtu.be/5h1jHF3XoAU


*This Day in Climate History - January 25, 1984 - from D.R. Tucker*
January 25, 1984: In his State of the Union Address, President Ronald 
Reagan says something that would be considered highly controversial by 
the right wing today:

    "...[L]et us remember our responsibility to preserve our older
    resources here on Earth. Preservation of our environment is not a
    liberal or conservative challenge, it's common sense."
      (21:52--22:08)

http://youtu.be/TdMTTlpfNP4

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