[TheClimate.Vote] March 21, 2020 - Daily Global Warming News Digest..

[Richard Pauli]

/*March 21, 2020*/

[policy watch]
*Poll: North Carolinians say feds must address climate change, unhappy 
with Tillis*
By Lisa Sorg
More than 60 percent of North Carolinians surveyed said they think 
elected leaders -- particularly the federal government -- must act 
urgently to protect communities from the worst impacts of climate 
change, according to poll results released today.

And two-thirds said they strongly or somewhat approve of Gov. Roy 
Cooper's Clean Energy Plan. Surprisingly, 40 percent of Trump voters 
said they support the plan, evidence of "a bit more partisan crossover 
than in the past," said Tom Jensen, director of Public Policy Polling.

PPP conducted the survey last weekend on behalf of the NC League of 
Conservation Voters. It surveyed 781 North Carolinians. Half of the 
surveys were conducted by phone and the rest by text message. The margin 
of error is plus or minus 3.5%.

A third of respondents identified as Republicans, with 40% as Democrats 
and 27% independents. Three-quarters of those surveyed said they were white.

On nearly every climate-related question, respondents said they 
supported a transition to clean energy, as well as recognized the public 
health risks associated with climate change.

More than 60 percent of respondents said they were more likely to vote 
for a US Senate candidate who takes climate change seriously.

Sen. Thom Tillis's record on climate change is inconsistent. In 2014, he 
said climate change was not "a fact," and subsequently denied that 
humans' reliance on greenhouse gas emissions was the main driver. Since 
then, he has acknowledged the science, but nonetheless urged President 
Trump to withdraw from the Paris Agreement.

Tillis's job approval rating is just 31% among those polled, even lower 
than President Trump's -- 46%.
Gov. Cooper's approval rating is 51%.
- -
"The coronavirus has made voters more cognizant to be prepared for 
changes going on in the world," Jensen went on. "It shows what happens 
when there's an inability to prepare sufficiently. If you plan properly 
the effects don't have to be as bad."
https://pulse.ncpolicywatch.org/2020/03/19/poll-north-carolinians-say-feds-must-address-climate-change-unhappy-with-tillis/



[activism change]*
**'This is a yes-we-can moment': What the coronavirus response means for 
climate action*
- With COVID-19 infections now confirmed in more than 150 countries, 
governments around the world have imposed war-like measures to contain 
its spread.
- As of Friday, more than 244,000 people had contracted COVID-19 
infections, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University, with 
10,031 deaths.
- Speaking to CNBC via telephone, Rockstrom emphasized that the degree 
of risk between the coronavirus pandemic and the climate crisis was 
"completely incompatible," as the latter is much more serious.
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/20/coronavirus-what-the-global-response-means-for-the-climate-crisis.html



[it's called "techno-fideism"]
*It's Too Late to Undo Climate Change. We Need Tech in Order to Adapt*
A raft of companies are developing tech to help us live in a warmer world
By Stacey Higginbotham
On the CES floor in Las Vegas this past January, I saw dozens of 
companies showing off products designed to help us adapt to climate 
change. It was an unsettling reminder that we've tipped the balance on 
global warming and that hotter temperatures, wildfires, and floods are 
the new reality.

Based on our current carbon dioxide emissions, we can expect warming of 
up to 1.5 C by 2033. Even if we stopped spewing carbon today, 
temperatures would continue to rise for a time, and weather would grow 
still more erratic.

The companies at CES recognize that it's too late to stop climate 
change. Faced with that realization, this group of entrepreneurs is 
focusing on climate adaptation. For them, the goal is to make sure that 
people and the global economy will still survive across as much of the 
world as possible. These entrepreneurs' companies are developing 
practicalities, such as garments that adapt to the weather or new 
building materials with higher melting points so that roads won't crack 
in extreme temperatures.

One of the biggest risks in a warming world is that both outdoor workers 
and their equipment will overheat more often. Scientists expect to see 
humans migrate from parts of the world where temperatures and humidity 
combine to repeatedly create heat indexes of 40.6 C, because beyond that 
temperature humans have a hard time surviving [PDF]. But even in more 
temperate locations, the growing number of hotter days will also make it 
tough for outdoor workers.

Embr Labs is building a bracelet that the company says can lower a 
person's perceived temperature a few degrees simply by changing the 
temperature on their wrist. The bracelet doesn't change actual body 
temperature, so it can't help outdoor workers avoid risk on a sweltering 
day. But it could still be used to keep workers cooler on safe yet still 
uncomfortably warm days. It might also allow companies to raise their 
indoor temperatures, saving on air-conditioning costs.

Elsewhere, Epicore Biosystems is building wearable microfluidic sensors 
that monitor people for dehydration or high body temperatures. The 
Epicore sensors are already being used for athletes. But it's not hard 
to imagine that in the near future there'd be a market for putting them 
on construction, farm, and warehouse workers who have to perform outside 
jobs in hot weather.

Extreme temperatures--and extreme fluctuations between temperatures--are 
also terrible for our existing road and rail infrastructure. Companies 
such as RailPod, as well as universities, are building AI-powered drones 
and robots that can monitor miles of roadway or track and send back data 
on repairs.

And then there's flooding. Coastal roads and roads near rivers will need 
to withstand king tides, flash floods, and sustained floodwaters. 
Pavement engineers are working on porous concrete to mitigate flood 
damage and on embedded sensors to communicate a road's status in real 
time to transportation officials.

There are so many uncertainties about our warming planet, but what isn't 
in doubt is that climate change will damage our infrastructure and 
disrupt our patterns of work. Plenty of companies are focused on the 
admirable goal of preventing further warming, but we need to also pay 
attention to the companies that can help us adapt. A warmer planet is 
already here.

This article appears in the April 2020 print issue as "Tech for a 
Warming World."
https://spectrum.ieee.org/consumer-electronics/portable-devices/its-too-late-to-undo-climate-change-we-need-tech-in-order-to-adapt



[from early March]
*Your Plastic Addiction Is Bankrolling Big Oil*
Fossil fuel companies feel threatened by alternative energy--and they're 
counting on plastic to save them.

REBECCA LEBER - MARCH 3, 2020
Let's say you lost your headphones, so you order replacements on Amazon. 
They arrive in a blue-and-white Amazon-branded plastic envelope. Inside, 
there's a clear plastic bag, and inside that, a hard plastic container, 
and inside that, finally, the headphones themselves, which are mostly 
plastic.
I know the feeling that comes next: a twinge of guilt about all the 
unnecessary packaging, because you've read how our plastics have been 
accumulating in landfills, wildlife, and the ocean. Perhaps you've vowed 
to change your plastic-loving ways--maybe by forgoing Amazon orders or 
bringing your own bags to the grocery store. That's a good start, but it 
won't fix the real reason we're drowning in a glut of supply. Fossil 
fuel companies are staring down a time when their signature product will 
no longer be so critical in our lives. As the world transitions slowly 
but surely away from fuel-guzzling cars, gas-powered buildings, and 
coal-fired power plants, industry execs must count on growth that comes 
from somewhere else--and they see their savior as plastics.
Those plastic-laden headphones are just one of a dizzying array of 
products made by the petrochemical sector, which uses fossil fuels to 
produce plastics, fertilizers, detergents, and even the fibers in much 
of our clothing. In the last decade, petrochemicals have moved from a 
sideshow for the oil and gas industry to a major profit machine, and the 
trend is expected to accelerate: The energy research group International 
Energy Agency predicts that plastics' consumption of oil will outpace 
that of cars by 2050. In a recent report about its 20-year growth, 
ExxonMobil executives assured shareholders that the company could offset 
losses from the transition to electric cars with growth in 
petrochemicals. Despite BP's own pledge to cut its operations' oil and 
gas emissions by 2050, the company has a notable carve-out for the oil 
and gas consumed by its petrochemical production.

A lot of that growth in petrochemicals is happening in the United 
States. Traditionally, most plastics have come from foreign petroleum. 
But plastic can also be made from ethane, an abundant byproduct of the 
gas extracted through fracking. With plenty of ethane flooding the 
market, the petrochemical industry has raced to build plants, called 
ethane crackers. Using incredibly high temperatures, these facilities 
(sometimes fueled by their own dedicated power plants) "crack" the 
molecular bonds of the ethane to form the building blocks of plastics, 
such as polyethylene. Since the US market is so saturated with plastics, 
many of these new facilities export these materials around the world for 
manufacturing into the products we recognize, from packaging to 
polyester clothing.

There are climate impacts at every point of the lifecycle of plastics. 
The production process consumes fossil fuels both to make the plastics 
and maintain the high temperatures for refining and manufacturing. 
Methane, which is both a fuel and a potent greenhouse gas, tends to leak 
during drilling, transport, and refining, making it an underestimated 
source of pollution from the oil and gas industry. Emerging research has 
shown how polyethylene releases greenhouse gases when it breaks down and 
might interfere with the tiny algae plants that play an essential role 
in helping the oceans absorb excess carbon. Even when recyclable 
plastics make it to blue bins, much of it ends up in landfills and about 
12 percent is burned at an incinerator to generate energy--which vents 
toxic fumes into nearby communities and more carbon pollution into the 
atmosphere.
  - -
The plastics production problem might be new for the general American 
public, but it isn't for the communities of color that have long 
bordered existing plants. Michele Roberts, a coordinator with the 
Environmental Justice Health Alliance, points out that chemical plants 
have historically been built in predominantly African American 
communities living in poverty, like the industrial plants that have 
lined the Gulf Coast, nicknamed "Cancer Alley." The new hub of 
petrochemicals growth has been in both the Gulf and western 
Pennsylvania. North of Corpus Christi, Texas, ExxonMobil secured 
hundreds of millions of dollars in tax breaks for a massive planned 
steam cracker to be built by 2022, located within a mile from a high 
school and middle school. Texas has seen four major fires at 
petrochemical plants in the last year alone, forcing tens of thousands 
of people to evacuate to escape the carcinogenic air. "There's a whole 
lifecycle trajectory that today impacts people of color and the poor in 
a major, disparate way," Roberts says.

Even as awareness of plastics' environmental effects has grown, the 
industry has never done better business. According to the chemicals and 
fossil fuel lobby American Chemistry Council, 340 chemical industry 
facilities (a number that includes more than just plastics, like 
fertilizer) have been announced since 2010. Of those, 190 are already 
underway, concentrated in fracking boomtowns in western Pennsylvania and 
along the Gulf Coast. One of the most massive under construction is 
Shell's Monaca, Pennsylvania facility, which will be capable of 
producing 1.6 million metric tons of plastics each year. It will have 
its own rail system of 3,300 freight cars, capable of producing the 
equivalent of half a million cars' worth of carbon pollution and more 
than a million tons of plastic resins annually, according to the New 
York Times. Other oil companies have been racing to compete with even 
bigger deals: Chevron inked a deal last year with Qatar Petroleum for an 
$8 billion ethane cracker along the Gulf Coast that would pump out 2 
million metric tons of ethylene each year--by 2024. And ExxonMobil is 
building a 1.8 million metric ton ethane steam cracker with a Saudi 
Arabian company near Houston to be completed by 2022...
- - -
In the last decade, petrochemicals have moved from a sideshow for the 
oil and gas industry to a major profit machine.
Those plastic-laden headphones are just one of a dizzying array of 
products made by the petrochemical sector, which uses fossil fuels to 
produce plastics, fertilizers, detergents, and even the fibers in much 
of our clothing. In the last decade, petrochemicals have moved from a 
sideshow for the oil and gas industry to a major profit machine, and the 
trend is expected to accelerate: The energy research group International 
Energy Agency predicts that plastics' consumption of oil will outpace 
that of cars by 2050. In a recent report about its 20-year growth, 
ExxonMobil executives assured shareholders that the company could offset 
losses from the transition to electric cars with growth in 
petrochemicals. Despite BP's own pledge to cut its operations' oil and 
gas emissions by 2050, the company has a notable carve-out for the oil 
and gas consumed by its petrochemical production.

A lot of that growth in petrochemicals is happening in the United 
States. Traditionally, most plastics have come from foreign petroleum. 
But plastic can also be made from ethane, an abundant byproduct of the 
gas extracted through fracking. With plenty of ethane flooding the 
market, the petrochemical industry has raced to build plants, called 
ethane crackers. Using incredibly high temperatures, these facilities 
(sometimes fueled by their own dedicated power plants) "crack" the 
molecular bonds of the ethane to form the building blocks of plastics, 
such as polyethylene. Since the US market is so saturated with plastics, 
many of these new facilities export these materials around the world for 
manufacturing into the products we recognize, from packaging to 
polyester clothing.

There are climate impacts at every point of the lifecycle of plastics. 
The production process consumes fossil fuels both to make the plastics 
and maintain the high temperatures for refining and manufacturing. 
Methane, which is both a fuel and a potent greenhouse gas, tends to leak 
during drilling, transport, and refining, making it an underestimated 
source of pollution from the oil and gas industry. Emerging research has 
shown how polyethylene releases greenhouse gases when it breaks down and 
might interfere with the tiny algae plants that play an essential role 
in helping the oceans absorb excess carbon. Even when recyclable 
plastics make it to blue bins, much of it ends up in landfills and about 
12 percent is burned at an incinerator to generate energy--which vents 
toxic fumes into nearby communities and more carbon pollution into the 
atmosphere.

A 2019 report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) 
found that emissions from the plastics sector already rose 15 percent 
from 2012 to 2018. Last year alone, the CIEL, using Environmental 
Integrity Project data, estimated that plastic production contributed 
the equivalent of 189 large coal plants.
- - -
If plastics production continues apace, the sector is on track to reach 
the equivalent annual pollution of 295 large coal plants in the next 10 
years, and double that by 2050, according to CIEL. An International 
Energy Agency report from 2018 indicated that carbon pollution from the 
petrochemical sector is going up 30 percent by 2050 over the sector's 
current rate.

The plastics production problem might be new for the general American 
public, but it isn't for the communities of color that have long 
bordered existing plants. Michele Roberts, a coordinator with the 
Environmental Justice Health Alliance, points out that chemical plants 
have historically been built in predominantly African American 
communities living in poverty, like the industrial plants that have 
lined the Gulf Coast, nicknamed "Cancer Alley." The new hub of 
petrochemicals growth has been in both the Gulf and western 
Pennsylvania. North of Corpus Christi, Texas, ExxonMobil secured 
hundreds of millions of dollars in tax breaks for a massive planned 
steam cracker to be built by 2022, located within a mile from a high 
school and middle school. Texas has seen four major fires at 
petrochemical plants in the last year alone, forcing tens of thousands 
of people to evacuate to escape the carcinogenic air. "There's a whole 
lifecycle trajectory that today impacts people of color and the poor in 
a major, disparate way," Roberts says.
- - -
The plastics industry takes that argument a step further, claiming that 
its wares help us move away from fossil fuels. For example, the American 
Chemistry Council claims on its website that plastics lighten products, 
"which means companies can ship more product with less fuel. Plastics 
used in cars helps make them lighter and more fuel efficient. And from 
appliances to electronics plastics can help to achieve greater energy 
efficiency over the course of a product's life."

It's true that plastics can lighten the loads of vehicles and planes, 
but that isn't the bulk of the plastics problem. The biggest source for 
plastics waste, and the fastest-growing problem for oceans and 
waterways, is the kind we use in clothing and for food packaging and 
shipping.

Judith Enck, a former EPA northeast regional administrator and founder 
of the environmental coalition Beyond Plastics, believes that focusing 
on how plastic makes cars lighter is a distraction. The real problem, 
she argues, is that the glut of gas has made plastics incredibly cheap, 
intensifying the world's growing hunger for more single-use plastics. 
Ethane crackers are not an offramp from oil, she says--instead, they're 
another way of embedding fossil fuels in our daily lives. "Plastics keep 
us on the fossil fuel treadmill."
https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2020/03/your-plastic-addiction-is-bankrolling-big-oil/



[curious]
*The right dose of geoengineering could reduce climate change risks, 
study says*
Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering is the idea that adding a layer of 
aerosol particles to the upper atmosphere can reduce climate changes 
caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.

Previous research shows that solar geoengineering could be achieved 
using commercially available aircraft technologies to deliver the 
particles at a cost of a few billion dollars per year and would reduce 
global average temperatures. However, the question remains whether this 
approach could reduce important climate hazards at a regional level. 
That is, could it reduce region-by-region changes in water availability 
or extreme temperatures?

Results from a new study by UCL and Harvard researchers suggest that 
even a crude method like injecting sulphur dioxide in the stratosphere 
could reduce many important climate hazards without making any region 
obviously worse off.

The findings, published today in Environmental Research Letters, used 
results from a sophisticated simulation of stratospheric aerosol 
geoengineering to evaluate whether the approach could offset or worsen 
the effects of climate change around the world. How these effects 
differed under different temperature scenarios was also tested.

The team found that halving warming by adding aerosols to the 
stratosphere could moderate important climate hazards in almost all 
regions. They saw an exacerbation of the effects of climate change in 
only a very small fraction of land areas.

Lead author, Professor Peter Irvine (UCL Earth Sciences), said: "Most 
studies focus on a scenario where solar geoengineering offsets all 
future warming. While this reduces overall climate change substantially, 
we show that in these simulations, it goes too far in some respects 
leading to about 9% of the land area experiencing greater climate 
change, i.e. seeing the effects of climate change exacerbated.

"However, if instead only half the warming is offset, then we find that 
stratospheric aerosol geoengineering could still reduce climate change 
overall but would only exacerbate change over 1.3% of the land area."

The team emphasise that solar geoengineering only treats the symptoms of 
climate change and not the underlying cause, which is the build-up of 
CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It should therefore be 
considered as a complementary approach to emissions cuts as a way to 
address climate change.

The study is a follow-up to a paper published last year in Nature 
Climate Change showed similar results when solar geoengineering was 
approximated by simply turning down the sun. That prior study begged the 
question: would the results hold up with a more realistic simulation 
using injection of sulphur dioxide, the simplest known method of solar 
geoengineering.

"Our results suggest that when used at the right dose and alongside 
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, stratospheric aerosol 
geoengineering could be useful for managing the impacts of climate 
change. However, there are still many uncertainties about the potential 
effects of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering and more research is 
needed to know if this idea is truly viable," added Dr. Irvine.

The team used data from the Geoengineering Large Ensemble Study, which 
used a sophisticated climate-chemistry model to simulate the climate 
response to a hypothetical deployment of stratospheric aerosol 
geoengineering. In this model study, sulphur dioxide was released at 
different latitudes in the Tropics to produce a layer of aerosols tuned 
to keep temperatures steady under an extreme global warming scenario.

The researchers focused on changes in mean and extreme temperature, 
changes in water availability and changes in extreme precipitation, i.e. 
climate variables that determine key climate risks.

Previous work suggested that stratospheric aerosol geoengineering could 
lead to a substantial weakening of monsoons and an intensification of 
drought. However, the authors found that in those regions where halving 
warming with stratospheric aerosol geoengineering exacerbated change, it 
increased water availability rather than reduced it. This suggests that 
concerns that stratospheric aerosol geoengineering could lead to 
aridification and drought could be misplaced.

Co-author, Professor David Keith (Harvard's Engineering and Applied 
Sciences and Kennedy school), said: "Early research with climate models 
consistently shows that spatially uniform solar radiation modification 
could significantly reduce climate risks when combined with emissions 
cuts. But, should we trust the models? Uncertainties are deep and no 
single result is trustworthy, but this paper is a step towards more 
realistic modelling from injection to regional impacts."

The team are now researching the projected effects of stratospheric 
aerosol geoengineering on the water cycle in more depth to try to 
understand the potential benefits and risks to society and ecosystems.
https://phys.org/news/2020-03-dose-geoengineering-climate.html


[adjustments]
*How To Be A Climate Activist During The Coronavirus Pandemic*
The fight against climate change isn't going away; it's going online.
By Sarah Sax
- - -
Then came the coronavirus.

On Tuesday, Earth Day Network, the global organizer of Earth Day, called 
for the first Digital Earth Day in response to the escalating threat of 
COVID-19. "Amid the recent outbreak, we encourage people to rise up but 
to do so safely and responsibly -- in many cases, that means using our 
voices to drive action online rather than in person," said Kathleen 
Rogers, president of Earth Day Network, in an online statement.

It's not just Earth Day, of course. U.S. organizations such as the Youth 
Climate Strike Coalition and the Stop the Money Pipeline, a coalition of 
91 organizations dedicated to ending the financing of industries 
contributing to the climate crisis, have canceled physical mass 
mobilizations and public rallies in the U.S.

And Greta Thunberg, the 17-year old Swedish climate activist, has taken 
her weekly Friday school strike online. Last Friday, she tweeted a 
picture of herself with her iconic sign at home with the caption: 
"School strike week 82. In a crisis we change our behaviour and adapt to 
the new circumstances for the greater good of society."...
- - -
Some digital events already exist. Earth Day Network, along with climate 
initiative Exponential Roadmap and the social network We Don't Have Time 
is hosting the third annual #WeDontHaveTime online climate conference 
during Earth Day Week, April 20–25, with more than 20 hours of live 
talks and events.

Many other groups are now following this line and shifting their 
activism online.

"What the climate movement is doing now is organizing all our action 
digitally through digital takeovers, digital strikes, digital 
solidarity, videos, online content," said Jamie Margolin, co-founder of 
Zero Hour. "Everyone is on their phones now so we can completely take 
over the internet; Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Tick-Tock, Facebook - 
everything."

The Fridays for Future website has a list of virtual actions climate 
activists can engage in, such as digital strikes, emailing politicians, 
and setting up Zoom conference calls.

"Instead of coming out and striking in person, you can take a picture 
and post it online with hashtags," said Joe Hobbs, a Fridays for Future 
organizer. "Keep up the online striking. The real point is to show that 
you can still take action."
- - -
"Many scientists say the climate crisis will cause more pandemics and 
illnesses, and the impacts of the climate crisis will cause huge 
disruptions to people," said Bryan from 350.org. "Having witnessed the 
disruption this has caused, let's try and future-proof our globe."

While activist groups move from mass marches to mass online 
mobilization, details are still being hammered out. But the current 
pandemic -- and the economic measures being debated now in Congress and 
around the world for bailing out some of the largest polluters, such as 
the oil industry and the aviation sector -- might end up providing the 
sharpest angle for climate activism in the weeks and months to come.

"There has never been a clearer case for why we need a kind of economy 
based on care and compassion that the Green New Deal is all about," a 
Sunrise spokesperson told HuffPost. "There's gonna be a big choice that 
we have to make as a country in the face of this crisis. Who do we take 
care of -- and who do we protect? Is it working people who are losing 
their health care and their jobs and their livelihoods, or are we going 
to bail out some of the wealthiest among us and the people driving the 
climate crisis?"
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/climate-activism-online-coronavirus_n_5e73a6b1c5b6eab7794411bd




[Digging back into the internet news archive]
*On this day in the history of global warming  - March 21, 2007 *

- In her CBSNews.com "Notebook" segment, Katie Couric observes:

"The last time Al Gore came to Capitol Hill--six years ago--he was there 
to certify the electoral college results that made George Bush president.

"But today it was a triumphant return, this time as a private citizen, 
to declare that the world faces a 'planetary emergency' over climate 
change. And now, a lot of his skeptics agree that Gore makes a powerful 
point.

"The scientific consensus is clear, and Gore urged Congress to listen to 
scientists, not special interests. He pushed for an immediate freeze on 
greenhouse gases, as well as cleaner power plants, more efficient cars, 
and stronger conservation efforts.

"Gore said 'a few years from now...the kinds of proposals we're talking 
about today are going to seem so small compared to the scale of the 
challenge.'

"Here's hoping Congress puts partisanship aside, and comes together to 
act boldly on global warming."

http://youtu.be/sYpj2ZYfS3M

(In his remarks to Congress, Gore famously states: "The planet has a 
fever. If your baby has a fever, you go to the doctor. If the doctor 
says you need to intervene here, you don't say, 'Well, I read a science 
fiction novel that told me it's not a problem.' If the crib's on fire, 
you don't speculate that the baby is flame retardant. You take action." 
Also, at this hearing, former House Speaker Dennis Hastert, a 
Republican, states, "I believe the debate over global warming is 
over"--an idea that would be considered heresy throughout the entire GOP 
just two years later.)

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/21/AR2007032100945.html

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11437-al-gore-rallies-us-congress-over-climate.html#.UvtuMKa9LCQ


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