[✔️] December 1, 2021 - Daily Global Warming News Digest
👀 Richard Pauli
richard at theclimate.vote
Wed Dec 1 10:37:55 EST 2021
/*December 1, 2021*/
/[ Old shape idea is new ] /
*Spherical Solar Cells - doubling the power output of flat PV panels!*
Nov 28, 2021
Just Have a Think
Solar panels are highly sensitive to what you might call 'sub-optimal'
conditions...wrong angle of the sun, scattered sunlight, dust & sand,
too much heat - all these things diminish the panels ability to generate
power. But now a research team reckon they've overcome all those
problems by creating a spherical version of the common solar PV panel.
So, is this a practical proposition for the real world?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuDLfW3-DT4
/[ The rain in Spain - moves north //]/
*Rain to replace snow in the Arctic as climate heats, study finds*
Climate models show switch will happen decades faster than previously
thought, with ‘profound’ implications
Damian Carrington Environment editor
@dpcarrington
30 Nov 2021
- -
Even if the global temperature rise is kept to 1.5C or 2C, the Greenland
and Norwegian Sea areas will still become rain dominated. Scientists
were shocked in August when rain fell on the summit of Greenland’s huge
ice cap for the first time on record.
The research used the latest climate models, which showed the switch
from snow to rain will happen decades faster than previously estimated,
with autumn showing the most dramatic seasonal changes. For example, it
found the central Arctic will become rain dominated in autumn by 2060 or
2070 if carbon emissions are not cut, instead of by 2090 as predicted by
earlier models.
The implications of a switchover were “profound”, the researchers said,
from accelerating global heating and sea level rise to melting
permafrost, sinking roads, and mass starvation of reindeer and caribou
in the region. Scientists think the rapid heating in the Arctic may also
be increasing extreme weather events such as floods and heatwaves in
Europe, Asia and North America by changing the jet stream...
- -
In the central Arctic, where you would imagine there should be snowfall
in the whole of the autumn period, we’re actually seeing an earlier
transition to rainfall. That will have huge implications. The Arctic
having very strong snowfall is really important for everything in that
region and also for the global climate, because it reflects a lot of
sunlight.”
Prof James Screen of the University of Exeter in the UK, who was part of
the research team, said: “The new models couldn’t be clearer that unless
global warming is stopped, the future Arctic will be wetter, once-frozen
seas will be open water, rain will replace snow.”...
- -
Prof Richard Allan, at the University of Reading in the UK, who was not
involved in the research, said: “Exploiting a state-of-the-art set of
complex computer simulations, this new study paints a worrying picture
of future Arctic climate change that is more rapid and substantial than
previously thought. This research rings alarm bells for the Arctic and
beyond.”
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/30/rain-replace-snow-arctic-climate-heats-study
[ Opinion in Slate ]
*The U.S. Government Is Wasting Billions on Wildfire Policy That Doesn’t
Work*
BY AARON LABAREE - NOV 30, 2021
“There’s this war metaphor in fire,” says Stephen J. Pyne, former
MacArthur fellow and author of more than 30 books on fire (as well as
several pieces for Slate on fire policy). According to Pyne, the
metaphor is tragically apt. “If this is a war, we’re gonna spend a lot
of money, we’re gonna take a lot of casualties, and we’re gonna lose.”...
- -
The costs of running a fire camp, however, pale in comparison to those
of fire aviation. One payload of fire retardant from a DC-10 costs
almost $60,000 to deliver. During a major fire, these planes can make
several drops a day. The Type 1 helicopters used by Cal Fire and the
Forest Service run more than $3,000 an hour. The costs are not just
financial. Aviation is probably the most dangerous aspect of
firefighting: Six of the 10 deaths on wildland fires in 2020 were the
result of air crashes. Phos-Chek, the most commonly used type of
chemical fire retardant, has been shown to be toxic to fish when dropped
in streams and rivers. And despite the enormous efforts on the air and
ground, most megafires barely respond to human intervention. “All the
lines and all the aerial support for fire lines, during the Dixie and
Caldor fires, failed to stop fire spread,” says Pyne. But when a fire is
burning thousands of acres a day and choking cities with smoke,
politicians feel they have little choice but to call in air support.
“The alternative, to kind of stand around and watch it go, is not very
palatable,” says Jim Furnish, who served as deputy chief of the Forest
Service from 1999 to 2002. “It’s not a good look for the agency. You
have to at least give some impression that you’re doing everything you
can. But the sad truth is that sometimes doing everything you can is
having little or no effect on the outcome.”...
- -
With more public investment in these protections, says Furnish, we can
have a less apocalyptic relationship with fire.
"If you could combine Firewise with wildland-urban interface
investments,” he says, “that is the menu to try to manage your way
through this. You’re gonna have to live with the phenomenon of a lot of
fire on the landscape. But you’re gonna reduce the damage.”
It will be hard to commit to this approach unless society takes a
different attitude toward fire.
“Most Americans live in urban environments where fire is not wanted and
only appears as a disaster,” says Pyne. “And they project that over the
countryside. But living with fire means it’s going to be there, it needs
to be there.”
In the meantime, fire services will continue to throw money, equipment,
and even lives into fighting unfightable blazes. One firefighter who
worked at fire camps for nearly 20 years remembers the frustration.
“I’d see these signs that said ‘Thank you heroes,’ and it didn’t feel
heroic to me,” he says. “People are making really desperate choices,
deciding to do a firing operation or to use air tankers, and a lot of
that stuff is Hail Marys because nothing’s working. There’s a huge
amount of waste. We’re spending billions of dollars, and it’s too late.”
https://slate.com/technology/2021/11/fire-industrial-complex-wildfire-policy-suppression.html
/[ examining the hot regions -- 60° C = 140° F ]/
*What Does 60˚ C Mean for the Middle East?*
Hitting temperatures close to 60˚C over the coming decades would be
disastrous for the region.
Global warming is an established ongoing threat, and the Middle East is
warming at twice the global average. This summer, Oman, the UAE, Saudi
Arabia and Iraq have experienced temperatures surging above 50˚C. It is
quite plausible that temperatures could rise closer to 60˚C over the
coming decades. This would be truly disastrous for the region,
translating into more heatwaves along with extreme drought or extreme
precipitation in some areas as well as rising sea levels or wildfires...
- -
One sector in the economy that would struggle the most is agriculture.
Exposure to high temperatures could cause losses to agricultural
production as heat stress negatively affects plant growth and animal
productivity. Over time, heat stress is likely to increase vulnerability
to disease and reduce dairy output. According to a 2018 UNDP report,
crop production in the Middle East region is expected to drop by 30% in
case of 1.5˚C-2˚C warming by 2025. Additionally, extremely high
temperatures might aggravate an already bad situation in this sector...
- -
Similarly, the tourism sector in the Middle East would lose a
significant share of the market due to climate change. In 2018, tourism
contributed $270 billion to the region’s GDP, or around 9% of the
economy. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, as of 2020,
the tourism sector had, on average, a 13% share of the GDP. Although the
pandemic has slowed down travel, the sector is now attempting to recover.
The impact of climate change on the sector could be irreversible. In
Jordan, the Dead Sea, which used to attract some 1.5 million visitors
every year, now welcomes just a few thousand after it had shrunk by
almost a third due to low rainfall and high temperatures. Alexandria, in
Egypt, home of one of the Seven Wonders of the World as well as a
storied library, faces flooding, building collapse and loss of life as a
result of sea-level rise...
- -
https://www.fairobserver.com/region/middle_east_north_africa/dr-saad-shannak-60c-temperature-rise-middle-east-global-warming-climate-change-adaptation-economy-news-99182/
/[ Cut the stinger off first, add lots of butter, tastes a bit like
crab ]/
*Nobody Mentioned Scorpions: Global Warming’s Secondary Effects Sting*
Climate change doesn’t just mean calamity. It also means endless hassles
By Leslie Kaufman
November 30, 2021...
“It is not just the event that is going on but the event that preceded
it,” said Jeff Masters, a former hurricane scientist who now is an
author for Yale Climate Connections... But humans and the systems they
create are intricately interconnected and we are beginning to acutely
feel downstream effects of climate change.
- -
Let us not forget the scorpions. It seemed almost biblical when a rare
storm caused sudden floods in Egypt in mid-November and forced the tiny
stinging insects en masse from their burrows. The result was hundreds of
stings in the city of Aswan...
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-30/climate-change-brings-insect-plagues-and-christmas-shortages
[ an ancient city of modern flooding ]
*COP26: Flooding lessons from Hull, a city below sea level*
By Tom Airey
BBC News
Published 12 November
As COP26 ends and world leaders sign off on big picture promises,
speakers from the city of Hull were among those having their say at the
climate conference. One of several global cities deemed at severe risk
from flooding, it was there to share the innovative measures it is using
in the hope of keeping its head above water.
Paul Tempest was among thousands of people who had to flee their homes
when Hull was hit by almost biblical floods in 2007.
"We saw the water rising in the garden, then while trying to barricade
the doors with sandbags the carpet in the hallway started to rise
beneath your feet," he says.
"Water was coming through the air bricks, filling the void and the
floorboards. Then everything started to rise."
He was unable to return to his house in the Cottingham area for a year.
Thankfully, his home has not been flooded since. But after a storm surge
battered the city in 2013, the threat of further misery from rising
water levels is an ever-present worry for many in Hull...
- -
The first came in 2007 during the UK's wettest summer on record. Surface
water and river flooding affected more than 55,000 homes and businesses
across the country.
About one-fifth of those were in Hull.
Thousands were evacuated from their homes on 25 June when the city's
drainage systems were overwhelmed by the deluge. Michael Barnett, 28,
died from hypothermia after he became trapped in a storm drain. Nearly
all of the city's 98 schools were damaged, with total flood repair costs
across Hull put at more than £40m...
- -
Six years later, in 2013, Hull was hit by a different type of flood,
when a storm surge combined with high spring tides to create record
water levels along coastlines and in tidal rivers.
The 5 December surge caused 400 properties to flood, with the River
Hull's tidal surge barrier - which prevents water moving upstream from
the Humber Estuary - coming within 0.40m (1ft 4ins) of being overwhelmed.
Something more needed to be done. Over the course of 10 years after the
2007 flood, "different agencies spent hundreds of millions of pounds on
pumping, drainage, flood defence," says Lee Pitcher, from the Living
With Water partnership. But Hull remained the second most at-risk place
in the country...
- -
The Shorelines Project, a group which commissions climate change-related
murals across the city, says their often provocative pieces may help
people consider not only their own lives but those of generations to come.
"It's about sparking a discussion but it's also about being hopeful,
it's about making decisions that believe in future generations having a
future," says project director Naomi Luhde-Thompson.
Prof Parsons says: "It's not about a 'Venice of the north' type
narrative, there are ways we can manage the risk that are sustainable
and lead to a long, prosperous future for Hull but we need to embrace
the solutions and bring the communities with us."
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-59208096
- -
[ from nature geoscience ]
Published: 29 November 2021
*Marsh resilience to sea-level rise reduced by storm-surge barriers in
the Venice Lagoon*
Davide Tognin, Andrea D’Alpaos, Marco Marani & Luca Carniello
Nature Geoscience (2021)Cite this article
Abstract
Salt marshes are important coastal habitats and provide ecosystem
services to surrounding communities. They are, however, threatened
by accelerating sea-level rise and sediment deprivation due to human
activity within upstream catchments, which result in their drowning
and a reduction in their extent. Rising seas are also leading to an
expansion of coastal flooding protection infrastructures, which
might also represent another serious if poorly understood threat to
salt marshes due to effects on the resuspension and accumulation of
sediment during storms. Here, we use observations from the Venice
Lagoon (Italy), a back-barrier system with no fluvial sediment input
recently protected by storm-surge barriers, to show that most of the
salt-marsh sedimentation (more than 70% in this case) occurs due to
sediment reworking during storm surges. We also prove that the
large, yet episodic storm-driven sediment supply is seriously
reduced by operations of storm-surge barriers, revealing a critical
competition between the objectives of protection against coastal
flooding and preservation of natural ecosystems. Without
complementary interventions and management policies that reduce
barrier activations, the survival of coastal wetlands is even more
uncertain.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00853-7
[ UK climate refugees - text and video ]
*‘A human catastrophe’: The UK’s first climate refugees refuse to leave*
By Ben Anthony Horton with AP - 29/11/2021 -
Like many who come to Fairbourne, Stuart Eves knew this coastal village
in northern Wales was home for life when he moved here 26 years ago.
He soon fell in love with the slow pace of life in the 700-strong
community, nestled between the rugged mountains of Snowdonia and the
Irish Sea.
That changed suddenly in 2014, when authorities identified Fairbourne as
the first coastal community in the United Kingdom to be at high risk of
flooding due to climate change.
Anticipating both rising sea levels and extreme storms, the government
said it could only afford to keep defending the village for another 40
years.
By 2054, officials say it will no longer be safe to live in Fairbourne
at all.
Since the announcement, villagers have been encouraged to comply with a
process of ‘managed realignment’ - a fancy term for abandoning the
village to the encroaching sea.
House prices have nosedived drastically and villagers have become
inundated with unwelcome media attention.
Seven years on, most of their questions about the future remain unanswered.
"When they first told us that the village was going to flood, it was
rather devastating news because it means that everything you worked for
you're going to lose," says Stuart, who owns a caravan park in Fairbourne.
"Most people when they buy a property, they expect to see it mature and
grow in money. For the people of the village of Fairbourne, everything
they have bought they're going to watch demise and end up being worthless."
Why is the village so vulnerable to climate change?
The Welsh village is particularly susceptible to climate change because
it faces multiple sources of flooding, according to Natural Resources
Wales, the government-sponsored organisation responsible for sea
defences in Fairbourne.
Built in the 1850s on low-lying saltmarsh, Fairbourne already lies
beneath sea level at high spring tide. During storms, the tidal level
can reach more than 1.5m above the village.
Scientists estimate that sea levels have risen by ten centimeters in the
past century. As greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, these levels
could exceed one metre by the year 2100.
"With climate change happening and sea levels rising, it means that we
would have to add an extra level of protection continuously in order to
maintain the level of risk as it is at the moment,” says Sian Williams,
head of operations for Natural Resources Wales's northwest division.
"As time goes forward that becomes much more expensive to do and there
will be a point where the cost of maintaining [the village] becomes
higher than the cost of what is protected by the defences there."
Despite these alarming figures, many villagers in the tight-knit
community are refusing to budge.
"I'll be staying here,” says Alan Jones, owner of the local fish and
chip shop.
“The fryers will be on and that will be it. Until water actually comes
in here and we physically can't work, we'll carry on.”
Becky Offland recently took on the lease of the Glan Y Mor Hotel. Like
many other residents, she remains hopeful that the authorities will
continue to pay for flood defences beyond 2054.
"It'll bring a lot more financial support to our village and the
businesses here, so there won't be any reason to close us down. We will
stay, we will."
Stuart is less optimistic.
"If they want us out by 2054, then they've got to have the accommodation
to put us in,” says the caravan park owner.
"What you have here is a human catastrophe albeit on a small scale. It's
just emotional and people are going to lose what they've worked all
their life for."
https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/11/29/a-human-catastrophe-the-uk-s-first-climate-refugees-refuse-to-leave
[ Woman travels by bicycle, collecting stories ]
*New book tells 1,001 firsthand stories of climate change from around
the world*
‘1,001 Voices on Climate Change’ aims to humanize the issue and inspire
action.
by YCC TEAM
NOVEMBER 30, 2021
Evidence of climate change is all around us. But when presented in data
and graphs, it can feel disconnected from real life.
“It’s hard to understand exactly what a degree of temperature change or
a few millimeters of sea-level rise might mean to someone’s lived
experience,” says journalist Devi Lockwood.
So she spent five years traveling the world, talking to people about how
rising seas and extreme weather affect their lives.
An elder in the Arctic Canadian community of Igloolik told Lockwood that
melting sea ice makes it harder to hunt walrus and seal.
A mother on the island of Tuvalu described how, during a drought, she
had to choose between using her water rations for drinking or bathing
her baby.
And the son of farmers in Thailand explained that he moved to the city
to find work because erratic rainfall has made rice farming less reliable.
Lockwood collected these and other stories in her new book, “1,001
Voices on Climate Change.”
“My hope is that reading this book makes people feel more connected to
the issues and better able to understand how climate change is impacting
people’s daily lives around the world,” she says.
And she hopes that humanizing the issue can help inspire people to get
engaged and take action.
https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/11/1001-firsthand-stories-of-climate-change-from-around-the-world/
/[ areas of the state are flooding ] /
*Why some lawmakers are pushing for a Virginia flood board*
Increased flooding and an influx of carbon market dollars driving
legislative push
BY: SARAH VOGELSONG - NOVEMBER 29, 2021
With sea level rise and more frequent intense rainstorms putting
pressure on communities statewide, some Virginia officials are again
pushing for the creation of a state flood board.
“People may dispute the cause, but I don’t think there’s any dispute
along party lines about what’s happening on the ground across the
commonwealth,” said Sen. Lynwood Lewis, D-Accomack. “So the question is,
‘What are we going to do about it to deal with it?’”
Lewis, as well as a commission representing 17 local governments in the
flood-beset Hampton Roads region, is backing a proposal for the 2022
General Assembly session to create a Commonwealth Flood Board that they
say would be akin to the Commonwealth Transportation Board that
regulates and funds state transportation projects. Drafting of the
legislation is already underway, said Lewis.
“We see this as very much of a bipartisan or nonpartisan issue and
something that’s definitely affecting the entire state, rural as well as
urban Virginia from severe southwest, Bristol, to Hampton Roads to
Alexandria,” Norfolk City Councilor Andria McClellan told the state’s
Joint Subcommittee on Coastal Flooding Nov. 22.
Another subcommittee member, engineer Chris Stone, said a technical
advisory committee on coastal resilience convened by Gov. Ralph Northam
last November also intends to recommend that a flood board be created.
The idea isn’t new. Lewis sponsored a similar proposal during the 2021
legislative session but withdrew it from consideration because he said
“some of the advocates for it felt the idea wasn’t ready for primetime.”
A separate proposal for a statewide hurricane and flood risk protection
authority from Del. Jason Miyares, R-Virginia Beach — soon to become
Virginia’s next attorney general — also failed to make it out of committee.
This year could be different, say advocates...
- -
Between federal infrastructure dollars and funding from the Federal
Emergency Management Administration and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
resiliency spending is expected to ramp up in the coming years as
climate change’s impacts become more visible and pervasive. Virginia
will be an attractive candidate for funding: flooding increasingly
plagues the state’s coast, and the Hampton Roads region is experiencing
what scientists say is the fastest rate of sea level rise on the East
Coast.
“All of these funding buckets are coming down and we just need a
coordinated effort,” said McClellan. “And that’s the goal of a
commonwealth flood board.”
Both she and Lewis said legislation could also bring some of DCR’s
current functions such as dam safety under the proposed board’s purview.
With Republicans prepared to take control of the executive branch and
the House of Delegates this January, any flood board proposal will need
to gain bipartisan support.
Republicans largely opposed Virginia’s participation in the RGGI market,
blocking Democratic efforts through the budget process in 2019 and
voting against authorizing language in 2020. While House Republican
spokesperson Garren Shipley did not return a call about whether that
chamber would seek to roll back the program, the effort would face an
uphill climb: RGGI is already funnelling millions to flooding and energy
efficiency projects statewide, and the Democrat-controlled Senate is
unlikely to support repeal. A small handful of Republicans, including
Sen. Jill Vogel of Fauquier, also broke party ranks in 2020 to vote in
favor of RGGI participation.
Del. Keith Hodges, R-Urbanna, said Tuesday that “at this time I don’t
know what the future of RGGI would be in Virginia.” ...
- -
“I think we can craft some bipartisan support on the House side,” said
Lewis. “Certainly anyone in Hampton Roads should be sort of reticent or
reluctant to go against any flooding projects.”
https://www.virginiamercury.com/2021/11/29/general-assembly-expected-to-again-consider-state-flood-board-proposal/
/[ finite fresh water here -- where I live ]/
*Cascades heading toward a future with little to no snowpack, new
analysis suggests*
By Bradley W. Parks (OPB)
Bend, Ore. Nov. 3, 2021 5 a.m.
The Pacific Northwest could see little to no annual snowpack by the
2070s, according to a new analysis of scientific research.
Annual snowpack will no longer be a guarantee in the Pacific Northwest
if global warming continues unchecked.
Peak annual snowpack in the Cascade Mountains could decline by nearly a
quarter by 2050 and up to nearly three-quarters by the end of the
century, according to a new analysis from the Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory.
Research scientist and co-author Alan Rhoades said the lab hopes to
elevate snowpack loss as one of the American West’s foremost climate
issues alongside things like sea level rise and the worsening wildfire
season.
“This is one of the grand challenges both scientifically and societally
for the Western U.S. in the coming decades,” Rhoades said. “And it has
large implications for water management and also just mountain ecosystems.”
In the Northwest, snow accumulates in the mountains from late fall
through early spring to form snowpack. In the best of times, that snow
melts slowly and evenly over the course of the summer, providing water
to drink, grow food, temper wildfires, and sustain plant and animal life
before the cycle repeats the following winter.
https://www.opb.org/article/2021/11/03/snowpack-cascades-climate-change/
/[ Too far into the future - but important to notice ] /
*A low-to-no snow future and its impacts on water resources in the
western United States*
Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn, Alan M. Rhoades, Benjamin J. Hatchett, Laurie
S. Huning, Julia Szinai, Christina Tague, Peter S. Nico, Daniel R.
Feldman, Andrew D. Jones, William D. Collins & Laurna Kaatz
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment volume 2, pages800–819 (2021)Cite
this article
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is decreasing seasonal snowpacks
globally, with potentially catastrophic consequences on water
resources, given the long-held reliance on snowpack in water
management. In this Review, we examine the changes and trickle-down
impacts of snow loss in the western United States (WUS). Across the
WUS, snow water equivalent declines of ~25% are expected by 2050,
with losses comparable with contemporary historical trends. There is
less consensus on the time horizon of snow disappearance, but model
projections combined with a new low-to-no snow definition suggest
~35–60 years before low-to-no snow becomes persistent if greenhouse
gas emissions continue unabated. Diminished and more ephemeral
snowpacks that melt earlier will alter groundwater and streamflow
dynamics. The direction of these changes are difficult to constrain
given competing factors such as higher evapotranspiration, altered
vegetation composition and changes in wildfire behaviour in a warmer
world. These changes undermine conventional WUS water management
practices, but through proactive implementation of soft and hard
adaptation strategies, there is potential to build resilience to
extreme, episodic and, eventually, persistent low-to-no snow
conditions. Federal investments offer a timely opportunity to
address these vulnerabilities, but they require a concerted
portfolio of activities that cross historically siloed physical and
disciplinary boundaries.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-021-00219-y
[The news archive - looking back]
*On this day in the history of global warming December 1, 1987*
December 1, 1987: During a Democratic presidential debate on NBC, Rep.
Richard Gephardt states that the US must work with the Soviet Union on
addressing international environmental issues such as the ozone layer
and greenhouse gas emissions, noting, “The problem we’ve had with these
issues is not that we don’t know what to talk about; the problem we’ve
had is that America hasn’t been a leader.”
http://www.c-span.org/video/?20-1/Presidential (25:10—26:03)
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