[✔️] August 6, 2022 - Global Warming News Digest

[Richard Pauli]

/*August 6, 2022*/

/[ Political response to global warming is crucial - warning from 
NYTimes  ] /
*How Republicans Are ‘Weaponizing’ Public Office Against Climate Action*
A Times investigation revealed a coordinated effort by state treasurers 
to use government muscle and public funds to punish companies trying to 
reduce greenhouse gases.
By David Gelles
Gelles reviewed more than 10,000 pages of documents and emails while 
reporting for this article.
Aug. 5, 2022
Nearly two dozen Republican state treasurers around the country are 
working to thwart climate action on state and federal levels, fighting 
regulations that would make clear the economic risks posed by a warming 
world, lobbying against climate-minded nominees to key federal posts and 
using the tax dollars they control to punish companies that want to 
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Over the past year, treasurers in nearly half the United States have 
been coordinating tactics and talking points, meeting in private and 
cheering each other in public as part of a well-funded campaign to 
protect the fossil fuel companies that bolster their local economies.

Last week, Riley Moore, the treasurer of West Virginia, announced that 
several major banks — including Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan and Wells Fargo 
— would be barred from government contracts with his state because they 
are reducing their investments in coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel...
- -
The Heritage Foundation, the Heartland Institute and the American 
Petroleum Institute are among the conservative groups with ties to the 
fossil fuel industry that have been working with the State Financial 
Officers Foundation and the treasurers to shape their national strategy.

Many Democratic state treasurers support efforts to combat climate 
change and want banks and investment firms to be clear about risks posed 
to returns for retirees and others. Democratic lawmakers in California 
and New Jersey are working on legislation that would require their state 
pension systems to divest from fossil fuels. But Democrats have not 
mounted anything like the national campaign being orchestrated by the 
State Financial Officers Foundation.

The Republican treasurers skirt the fact that global warming is an 
economic menace that is damaging industries like agriculture and causing 
extreme weather that devastates communities and costs taxpayers billions 
in recovery and rebuilding. Instead, they frame efforts to reduce 
emissions as a threat to employment and revenue, and have turned climate 
science into another front in the culture wars...
- -
Within weeks, Mr. Moore was working with legislators in West Virginia to 
write a similar bill, which became law in March. While Texas officials 
have been slow to enforce their law, Mr. Moore was quick to put it into 
action.

Last week, he notified five major financial institutions — Goldman 
Sachs, BlackRock, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan and Morgan Stanley — that they 
are barred from doing business with West Virginia because they have 
intentionally wound down their dealings with coal companies.

“If a bank, for instance, decides to say they have a no-lending policy 
as relates to thermal coal, well, then we’ll find a bank that doesn’t 
have that policy,” Mr. Moore said in an interview.

Mr. Moore went on to offer a classic denial of the overwhelming 
scientific consensus that the continued burning of oil, gas and coal 
will lead to planetary catastrophe.

“The climate has been changing in the world since Earth was created,” 
Mr. Moore said. “Whether these greenhouse gas emissions are contributing 
to the warming of the globe, I’m not sure I necessarily agree with that.”...
- -
This year, the treasurers targeted the Office of the Comptroller of the 
Currency. After the agency proposed a rule to require banks to consider 
climate-related financial risk, executives from the Heritage Foundation 
sent Mr. Kreifels and Mr. Oaks a memo outlining their opposition. Within 
weeks, dozens of state treasurers and attorneys general from 
Republican-led states submitted comments objecting to the proposed rule.

“This special concern for and attention to climate-related risks is 
irrational,” one comment read.

And in May, Mr. Kreifels organized a call with the treasurers to discuss 
regulations proposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission that 
would require companies to publicly disclose climate risks to investors. 
The featured guest was a representative from the American Petroleum 
Institute, the lobbying arm of the fossil fuel industry.

The next month, the State Financial Officers Foundation sent a 20-page 
letter signed by more than a dozen treasurers, calling the S.E.C.’s 
proposed rule, which has not yet been enacted, “irrational climate 
exceptionalism, elevating climate issues to a place of prominence in 
disclosures that they do not deserve.”
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/05/climate/republican-treasurers-climate-change.html



/[  From the Journal *nature *-  4 August 2022 ]/
*Extreme heatwaves: surprising lessons from the record warmth*
Unprecedented temperatures are coming faster and more furiously than 
researchers expected, raising questions about what to anticipate in the 
future.
Alexandra Witze
 From London to Shanghai, unprecedented heatwaves have scorched many 
parts of the world in recent weeks. In June, Tokyo baked through nine 
consecutive days above 35ºC, its most severe heatwave since official 
tallies began in the 1870s. In mid-July, the United Kingdom shattered 
records as temperatures soared above 40ºC for the first time since 
measurements started. Meanwhile, heat-fuelled wildfires ravaged parts of 
France, Spain, Greece and Germany. And China has faced multiple 
widespread heatwaves, including one that hit more than 400 cities last week.

Climate scientists have long warned that heatwaves will strike more 
frequently and with higher temperatures as the world warms. But the 
future has arrived faster than researchers had feared, particularly in 
Western Europe, which is a hotspot for heatwaves, according to research 
published last month1. These aren’t just more and more-powerful 
heatwaves — they are record-shattering heatwaves that have defied 
expectations derived from climate models.

Researchers are now scrambling to dissect the details of this year’s 
heatwaves, to better understand how extreme heat will affect society 
going forwards.

“The science community has obviously been thinking about the possibility 
of these events,” says Eunice Lo, a climate scientist at the University 
of Bristol, UK, who has studied the UK heatwave. But “it was still quite 
surreal that it actually happened”.

*Lethal heat*
Extreme heat is one of the more deadly consequences of global warming. 
It kills people directly, such as those working outdoors. And it 
overloads energy grids, disrupting electricity supplies at times when 
people most need air conditioning or fans to survive in overheated 
homes. A heatwave in Europe in 2003 is estimated to have killed more 
than 70,000 people. And heatwaves can also exacerbate other disasters, 
such as wildfires, and exact a high toll on mental health.

Although heatwaves have been getting worse in the past few years, 
studies of the most extreme examples leapt forward after a June 2021 
heatwave in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.

That heatwave was so far off the charts that it essentially reset the 
field of research on extreme heat, says Vikki Thompson, a climate 
scientist at Bristol. In a study published in May, she and her 
colleagues showed2 that only five heatwaves recorded anywhere in the 
world since 1960 had been more extreme, as measured by departure from 
the climate of the previous decade. Just looking at temperature records 
across the Pacific Northwest from the years before the event, it seemed 
“completely implausible” that such a record-breaking heatwave could 
occur, she says. And yet it did — driven mainly by a high-pressure 
atmospheric system that funnelled in hot air, combined with 
drier-than-normal soil conditions across much of the region.

*Defying expectations*
This July’s heatwave in the United Kingdom was not quite so severe, but 
it might still go down in history as the event that shook a nation into 
awareness of the dangers of extreme heat. On 18 and 19 July, a broad 
swathe of the country set new temperature records, in many cases a full 
3 or 4ºC higher than the previous one (see ‘Hotter extremes’). Forty-six 
weather stations broke the nation’s previous record high temperature of 
38.7ºC, which was set just three years ago. Hundreds of people are 
estimated to have died.
- -
Scientists had foreseen this to some extent. A climate-modelling study 
published two years ago found that it was possible, although not likely, 
that the United Kingdom would pass 40ºC in the coming decades. And yet 
it happened this year, with a new national high of 40.3ºC.

The fact that temperatures topped the threshold so much more quickly 
than expected might stem from the reality that climate models don’t 
capture everything that influences heatwaves, and thus don’t project 
future heat extremes completely accurately4. Changes in factors 
including land use and irrigation affect heatwaves in ways that models 
don’t entirely account for yet. That means that model projections can 
sometimes misjudge the true impact of climate change.

A 28 July analysis by the international World Weather Attribution 
research group found that human-induced climate change made this year’s 
UK heatwave at least ten times more likely. The study also concluded 
that the heatwave would have been 2–4ºC cooler in the absence of global 
warming.

“It is more evidence that there are some things we’re probably not 
catching with the models,” says Peter Stott, a climate scientist at the 
Met Office, the UK national weather service in Exeter, who was a 
co-author of the 2020 study about the United Kingdom3. “There is a 
research question there.”

Like the Pacific Northwest heatwave of 2021, the UK heatwave of 2022 
might become a catalyst for understanding what causes heatwaves to 
become even more extreme than expected, says Erich Fischer, a climate 
scientist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. In a 
modelling study published last year6, Fischer and his colleagues 
projected that, in the coming decades, climate extremes will break 
previous records by wide margins. “This is exactly what we’ve been 
seeing,” he says.

Studying the extent to which extremes shatter records, and not just 
whether they pass the mark, can help local officials to plan for the 
types of extreme they might expect in the near future, Fischer argues.
*
**Dynamic change*
Beyond the United Kingdom, much of Europe has already experienced 
several heatwaves this year. In fact, the continent has seen record heat 
several times over the past five years, says Kai Kornhuber, a climate 
scientist at Columbia University in New York City. He was part of the 
team that identified Western Europe as particularly prone to heatwaves. 
Over the past four decades, extreme heat has been increasing at rates 
three to four times faster there than in other mid-latitude regions in 
the Northern Hemisphere.

That could be because the atmospheric jet stream that flows east across 
the North Atlantic Ocean often breaks into two separate strands as it 
approaches Europe. When that happens, the strands can funnel storms away 
from Europe and allow heatwaves to develop and persist. It isn’t yet 
clear whether climate change is leading to more of these ‘double jets’, 
but that pattern set up this July’s heatwave in Western Europe and is 
responsible for many of the other recent heat events there.

Similar patterns of atmospheric dynamics might turn out to be important 
in revealing the factors that make heat events even more extreme than 
expected, says Kornhuber.

*Synchronized waves*
Another striking feature of the past few months is that extreme heat has 
occurred simultaneously in several parts of the world (see ‘In the 
red’). China and western North America were both roasting in 
hotter-than-normal temperatures in late July, at the same time as 
Europe. Such concurrent heatwaves became six times more common in the 
Northern Hemisphere between 1979 and 2019, a study published in February 
found7.
- -
One reason might be atmospheric patterns called Rossby waves that settle 
into a snaking shape around the entire planet, setting up stagnant 
patterns of weather in certain locations, which then become prone to 
extreme heat8. Those might or might not be becoming more common under 
global warming. But the sheer chance of having simultaneous heatwaves, 
unrelated to atmospheric patterns, does go up as the climate warms, says 
Deepti Singh, a climate scientist at Washington State University in 
Vancouver. “The entire world is warming, and just the likelihood of 
having extreme heat regions is increasing,” she says.

Heatwaves are also coming earlier in the year in some places, such as 
India and Pakistan, which experienced baking temperatures from March to 
May. Parts of India passed 44ºC at the end of March, well before the 
usual hottest part of the year. At least 90 people died. The heatwave 
was made 30 times more likely by climate change, the World Weather 
Attribution group found9.

As global temperatures continue to rise, climate scientists are 
reiterating the importance of both cutting carbon emissions and 
increasing people’s ability to adapt to extreme temperatures. The UK 
heatwave was a major wake-up call about the nation’s vulnerability to 
extreme heat, says Stott. After decades working on climate projections 
for the future, what startled him most was to see wildfires raging in 
London’s urban area, fuelled by the extreme heat. “It was very sobering, 
really, and shocking that this was happening.”

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-02114-y
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02114-y

- -

/[ a simple, short, silent video ]/
*Equatorial Rossby waves -- phase speed and group velocity --*
Feb 24, 2022  Numerical simulation of the equatorial Rossby waves on a 
sphere.
They propagate in a retrograde direction (phase speed is negative) 
whereas their wave packets move towards progarde (group velocity is 
positive).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFSbklGx22Y

- -

/[ Nick Breeze on the politics -- "hope is not a course of action" ]/
*IS US CONGRESS A GLOBAL CLIMATE SECURITY THREAT? Interview with 
Lieutenant General Norman Seip (Ret)*
Jul 28, 2022
In this ClimateGenn episode, I speak with Lieutenant General Norman 
Seip, the President of the American Security Project, about the urgency 
for the US Senate to stop playing dice with the global climate and vote 
through policy that will steer America back on course to being a nation 
worthy of respect.

Ever since President George Bush Senior declared the American Way of 
Life is not up for negotiation, the United States has stood in the way 
of global efforts to limit the impacts of climate destruction.

We are now unnecessarily gambling our collective futures away because US 
politicians put wealth and ideology above the endless warnings of 
climate scientists, ecologist, among many others now screaming for 
change to avert disaster.

It is late in the day and we are all now at risk from business as usual 
policy and investment that prolongs the use of fossil fuels. Changing 
now could avert some suffering and, as we discuss here, the United 
States must grow up and face its responsibility as the world largest 
emitter.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVnmVIFlIps



/[ Paul Beckwith reads and comments on recent science publications ]/
*Science Underlying Split Jet Stream Configurations Causing Life 
Threatening European Heat Waves*
Jul 16, 2022  Europe is in trouble again. Unprecedented, widespread, 
high humidity, long duration heatwaves are toppling temperature records, 
and making life very challenging for millions of people.

In the summer months, about 1/3 of the time a split jet stream is 
occurring, causing persistent heat domes and misery to primarily Western 
Europe, and also Europe as a whole.

Powerful Arctic Amplification, namely Arctic warming at least 4x faster 
than lower latitudes, has been occurring over the last several decades, 
caused primarily by albedo feedbacks from rapidly declining Arctic sea 
ice cover and greatly reduced spring snow cover over Arctic land masses.

With rapid land warming from exposed snow-free Arctic land masses, and 
Arctic Ocean temperatures pegged to near freezing/thawing from latent 
heat ice melting, land-sea Arctic temperature gradients are sharp. 
Temperate gradients are also large south of Greenland, between the 
“global warming hole” and surrounding oceans due to the slowing AMOC. 
These factors are increasing the likelihood of the split jet stream and 
persistent blocking leading to long duration, record hot and humid 
European heatwaves.

There is also a grave, increasing risk from jet stream patterns causing 
multiple northern hemisphere crop failures circumventing the Earth.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nr1Nk1hPf5s



/[ Nick Breeze in a classic video interview with climate scientist ]/
*Prof. Peter Wadhams | Can we remove billions of tonnes of CO2? And 
methane?*
Dec 8, 2021  In this ClimateGenn episode, I am speaking to professor 
Peter Wadhams from the University of Cambridge about his recent research 
for a book he is writing on the viability of greenhouse gas removal from 
the atmosphere...
- -
Some of these are also referred to as negative emissions technologies, 
or ‘nets’  and are widely included in national emissions reduction plans 
despite none being proven at scale today.

We discuss the viability of various proposed techniques including tree 
planting, bioenergy capture and storage as well as direct air capture 
and ocean proposals including farming kelp and the use of diatoms for 
large-scale sequestration.

In the last segment we discuss the risks posed by Arctic methane 
releases and two proposed techniques for dealing with a potential 
methane emergency, whereby multiple   billions of tonnes of the potent 
greenhouse gas are released at once.

These are controversial proposals despite policymakers assuming they 
will work in the future. The danger of these suppositions is compounded 
by the fact that many research projects are embryonic and underfunded.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMTElDc6fg0

- -

[ Peter Wadhams video ]
*Guy Lane Speaks with Peter Wadhams*
Jul 21, 2022  Guy Lane Speaks with Peter Wadhams
Vita founder Guy Lane Speaks with polar and climate researcher Dr Peter 
Wadhams about climate change and the dramatic shift in conditions in the 
Arctic and Antarctic regions.
Greenland melting, Arctic sea ice contracting, methane clathrates 
bubbling up through the shallow Arctic sea, Antarctic ice shelves 
destablizing...  Strap in, folks. It's going to get messy!!
www.vitasapien.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHeo1NGf4I0



/[The news archive - looking back at a mass media report that was widely 
ignored over a decade ago ]/
/*August 6, 2010 */
August 6, 2010: "ABC World News Tonight" reports on the link between 
extreme heat and human-caused climate change.
Clayton Sandell on the link between the hottest year ever and climate 
change.

http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/extreme-heat-evidence-global-warming-11346623 
(ABC seems to have "lost" the video)
so text from same reporter - 
https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Decade/climate-2009-caps-hottest-decade-record/story?id=9283733

    *Climate: 2009 Caps Hottest Decade on Record*
    U.N. announces results at Copenhagen Climate Change Conference
    By CLAYTON SANDELL

    December 08, 2009

    Dec. 8, 2009 -- The current decade likely ranks as the hottest since
    temperature records began in the 1850s, the U.N. World
    Meteorological Organization announced today.

    2009 may rank as the fifth-warmest year on record, the WMO said,
    although the final rank won't be available until next year. 1998
    holds the rank as the hottest year. It was characterized by an
    unusually strong El Nino, a giant patch of warm water along the
    equator in the Pacific that appears periodically and can strongly
    affect the wind currents flowing over it.

    The announcement was made at the U.N. Climate Change Conference in
    Copenhagen, Denmark, where delegates are meeting for the second day
    of a two-week session aimed at reaching agreement on an
    international climate treaty.

    President Obama, who has promised the U.S. will make cuts in its
    emissions of greenhouse gases, is expected to attend the end of the
    Copenhagen meeting.

    On Monday, the Environmental Protection Agency ruled that six
    greenhouse gases were threats to the health and welfare of
    Americans, and therefore, subject to regulation.

    The WMO said above-normal temperatures this year were recorded in
    most parts of the world, and only North America had conditions that
    were cooler than average.

    Researchers said the temperature analysis was based on three
    independent sets of data, one maintained by the United Kingdom's
    Hadley Climate Center and the Climate Research Unit at the
    University of East Anglia, as well as two other sets maintained in
    the United States by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration.

    E-mails hacked from the University of East Anglia have been
    trumpeted in recent weeks by climate change skeptics, who have
    argued that some of the e-mail discussions between scientists reveal
    a conspiracy to fudge or ignore data to drive an agenda.

    Current Decade Warmest on Record
    U.S. climate negotiator Jonathan Pershing defended the scientific
    work behind climate change and said the e-mail discussion would not
    affect talks at Copenhagen.

    "What I think is unfortunate and, in fact, shameful, is the way some
    scientists are being pilloried. The science is incredibly robust. I
    worry much, much more about not acting urgently than I do about what
    ultimately will be a small blip," Pershing said.
    https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Decade/climate-2009-caps-hottest-decade-record/story?id=9283733

================= from 2007 -----
/[ ABC retained and posted an earlier version of this big story - from 
2007 ] /
*ABC News Obtains Draft of Landmark U.N. Climate Study*
By CLAYTON SANDELL and BILL BLAKEMORE

    Jan. 22, 2007 -- The effects of global warming are expected to
    increase in the next few decades-- hotter days, higher sea levels,
    disappearing glaciers-- and now scientists are more certain than
    ever that humans are causing it.
    The findings appear in a draft copy of a major U.N. climate change
    report that will be officially released on Feb. 2 in Paris. A copy
    of the report was obtained by ABC News. The language of the draft
    faces one last round of review before that release and could still
    change, say several sources involved in preparing it.

    However, a number of scientists closely involved in the report told
    ABC News that the general tenor of the findings is unlikely to
    change. Scientists now have more evidence than ever that human
    activity -- mostly greenhouse gas emissions from burning coal, oil
    and gas -- is largely responsible for the continuing rise in Earth's
    average surface temperature.

    "Certainly, it will say that global warming is happening, and
    secondly, that it is due to humans," said Kevin Trenberth, a climate
    scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and one of
    the lead authors of the report. "The whole weight of the evidence
    has simply increased to show that stuff is already happening."

    Trenberth would only speak generally about the report since it has
    not officially been released. "What this report does is provide the
    basis for subsequent actions," he said.

    The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
    issues major reports about every five years. They are compiled --
    and exhaustively reviewed -- by over 2,000 scientists and the
    governments of 154 countries. The last report was issued in 2001.

    IPCC reports represent the current state of the scientific consensus
    on global warming. From 1990 to today, the reports have painted an
    increasingly clear picture of the human contribution to the problem.

    Details of this "Working Group I: Summary for Policy Makers" report
    have been leaking out through various news media over the past few days.

    Two more working groups' reports, due out in April and May, will
    assess global warming's impacts, possible adaptations to them and
    options for mitigating future extreme warming.

    Basic findings, which scientists do not expect to change before the
    Feb. 2 publication, include even more certainty -- greater than 90
    percent -- than they had five years ago that people are driving the
    global rise in average temperatures since the mid-20th century.

    There is also greatly increased certainty that hot extremes, heat
    waves and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more
    frequent.

    Their findings appear to reinforce the claim that the world is in
    for a rise in global temperature of at least two degrees Fahrenheit
    over the next 50 years.

    To put that in perspective, keep in mind that the effects of a rise
    of about 1.5 degrees in the last 150 years are already being seen
    and felt around the world. Such a rapid increase of another 2
    degrees, say scientists, would be major and unprecedented.

    The report utilizes six varying emissions scenarios that range from
    best case (drastic greenhouse-gas cuts) to worst case
    (business-as-usual burning of fossil fuels).

    The worst case scenarios have for some time been showing the
    temperature rising 11 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of the century,
    and this report is not expected to differ significantly from that.

    A rise in sea levels is described by directors of this study as
    especially hard to predict. In the past year scientists have
    reported on ice activity, especially in the two-mile thick Greenland
    Ice Sheet, that is presenting much new data and dynamic shifts never
    seen before.

    Overall, the study is expected to report that the world's scientists
    now agree that global warming will bring more loss of snow and ice
    cover and changes in weather patterns, drought and heavy precipitation.

    It also is likely to confirm recent findings that some carbon
    dioxide emissions are being absorbed by the oceans and thus raising
    ocean water acidity - which interferes with the basic metabolism of
    many sea creatures.

    Because so many scientists and governments all need to agree on an
    IPCC report, past versions have tended to be conservative in nature.
    Scientists say that, in retrospect, the first three assessment
    reports (1990, 1995, 2001) each understated what actually happened
    in the real world.

    The IPCC was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological
    Organization and the United Nations Environment Program to assess
    the "risk of human-induced climate change

https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=2813490&page=1


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