[✔️] December 2, 2022 - Global Warming News Digest

[Richard Pauli]

/*December 2, 2022*/

/[ this is a responsible action, nudged forward by the dismissed lawsuit 
of Kivalina v. Exxon et al. ]/
*3 tribes dealing with the toll of climate change get $75 million to 
relocate*
December 1, 2022
Three Tribal communities in Alaska and Washington that have been 
severely impacted by the effects of climate change on their homes are 
getting $75 million from the Biden administration to help relocate to 
higher ground...
- -
In addition to the three tribes receiving $25 million, eight additional 
communities will also receive $5 million, the Interior Department said.
Those include:

    Native Village of Point Lay (in Alaska)
    Huslia Village (in Alaska)
    Native Village of Fort Yukon (in Alaska)
    Native Village of Nelson Lagoon (in Alaska)
    Havasupai Tribe (in Arizona)
    Yurok Tribe (in California)
    Chitimacha Tribe (in Louisiana)
    Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe (in Maine)

Undergoing such a transformative move upends many of these communities' 
ties to tradition, Capoeman said. For example, the Quinault have lived 
by the water for centuries in order to fish and gather clams.

"We've lived off the land and resources for thousands and thousands of 
years. We can see the changes. These tides that are coming in are not 
normal," he said. "To take ourselves away from that is not traditional, 
but we have to save ourselves. We realize that it's the key to our very 
own survival at this point."
https://www.npr.org/2022/12/01/1139949450/tribes-climate-change-relocation-department-of-interior



/[ This is ironically symbolic -- the CO2 measuring station is 
overheated  ]/
* Mauna Loa volcano eruption halts recording of key climate data*
Andrew Freedman
The famous Keeling Curve may soon have a rare data gap.

Driving the news: The Mauna Loa eruption on Monday cut power to the 
observatory where atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are measured, 
according to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Why it matters: The Keeling Curve, which shows the buildup of carbon 
dioxide in the atmosphere since 1958, provides vivid evidence of the 
effects of burning fossil fuels.

The measurements, taken nearly continuously since 1958, show that CO2 
levels are higher now than at any time in at least 3 million years.
The big picture: Mauna Loa's spectacular eruption is forcing Ralph 
Keeling, the son of Charles David Keeling, who began carbon dioxide 
measurements on the peak in 1958, to find a similar location to take CO2 
readings in the meantime.

Such observations would then be used as a proxy to help account for the 
period of missing Mauna Loa data.
The observatory, which NOAA operates, is ideal for taking CO2 readings 
because it stands at 11,315 feet, well above the higher, transient 
pollution levels present below, and is free of vegetation.
It is also remote and representative of the global atmosphere.
Between the lines: In an interview, Keeling told Axios there is an 
"all-hands-on-deck" effort to find a nearby, suitable location to gather 
CO2 measurements.

"In the long run, but I don't know how long, the station will be up 
again. So the record will continue as before, and we'll have some kind 
of gap where the data is slightly different or missing," Keeling said.
Context: This is not the first time an interruption occurred, but they 
have been rare. A three-month gap took place due to budget cuts in 1964, 
according to Keeling, while a break (though not a gap in the chart, 
which shows monthly readings) occurred during an eruption in 1984.

Keeling says this eruption's impacts may be worse than in 1964 because 
lava cut off road access to the summit and power. Both need to be repaired.
The observatory itself is not threatened, he said.
The bottom line: While other observatories around the world will 
continue to take CO2 measurements, Keeling said unique insights can be 
gained from Mauna Loa's continuous record.

"The ability to detect some subtle change is better if you have a really 
good baseline, and Mauna Loa is our best baseline."

https://www.axios.com/2022/11/30/mauna-loa-volcano-eruption-keeling-curve


/[ another point of view from //International Journal of Disaster Risk 
Reduction////Volume 77, July 2022 ]/
*#TheSmoreYouKnow and #emergencycute: A conceptual model on the use of 
humor by science agencies during crisis to create connection, empathy, 
and compassion*
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102995 Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license Open access

    Abstract
    Studies from a variety of disciplines reveal that humor can be a
    useful method to reduce stress and increase compassion, connection,
    and empathy between agencies and people they serve during times of
    crisis. Despite this growing evidence base, humor's use during a
    geohazard (earthquake, volcanoes, landslides, and tsunami) to aid
    scientific agencies' crisis communication response has been rarely
    studied. A broad literature review of humor in crisis and an
    exploratory examination of several case studies reveal that
    scientific organizations, specifically those that respond to
    geohazards, can harness the power of humor to help create connection
    and empathy with the publics they seek to serve. We find evidence
    that supports our argument that the use of humor acknowledges a
    shared human experience, reducing the barriers between public
    officials, scientists, and the people most impacted by crisis.
    Public statements made by scientists and public officials during the
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) response to the Kīlauea eruption in
    2018 in Hawai'i, United States, and GNS Science/GeoNet (GeoNet)
    response to the M7.8 Kaikōura/North Hurunui earthquake in 2016 in
    Aotearoa New Zealand, are used to inform the development of this
    conceptual model. We then posit a conceptual model which unifies
    concepts from the literature with our case studies to provide
    potential guidelines for those crisis communicators working for
    science agencies on how best to use humor to help people cope during
    times of crisis. This model can be further tested for future
    research to determine its effectiveness and utility for scientific
    agencies responding to geological crises.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092200214X



/[ Sage interview from the battlegrounds of information warfare -- video 
1.01  ]/
*Information Pollution | Dahr Jamail*
Planet: Critical
214 views  Nov 30, 2022
Dahr Jamail is an award-winning journalist and author, who was one of 
the few independent journalists to report extensively from the ground 
during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Dahr later became a climate reporter, 
tracking climate disruption around the world and collating his knowledge 
in the wonderful book, The End of Ice.

Dahr joined me to discuss what’s going wrong with journalism and how to 
create a journalism which can respond to the climate crisis. We discuss 
information pollution in the mainstream media, the fallacy of 
objectivity, the corruption of profit-maximising goals, self-selecting 
biases, and how the abject failures of the mainstream media have 
disempowered, disengaged and confused populaces around the world—making 
them ripe for manipulation by populists.

Sorry for the quality! We had network troubles.
🔴 Discover Dahr's work: https://www.dahrjamail.net/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsdaTOBq0lw

- -

[ Diving deep into climate]
*Book Launch 11 Feb 2022 Climate Psychology: A matter of Life and Death
*Climate Psychology Alliance
Mar 7, 2022
https://youtu.be/q7Sw35G9ZS4



/[ NASA helps us understand and target problem areas ]/
*Methane ‘Super-Emitters’ Mapped by NASA’s New Earth Space Mission*
Built to help scientists understand how dust affects climate, the Earth 
Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation can also pinpoint emissions of 
the potent greenhouse gas.

NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) mission is 
mapping the prevalence of key minerals in the planet’s dust-producing 
deserts – information that will advance our understanding of airborne 
dust’s effects on climate. But EMIT has demonstrated another crucial 
capability: detecting the presence of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

In the data EMIT has collected since being installed on the 
International Space Station in July, the science team has identified 
more than 50 “super-emitters” in Central Asia, the Middle East, and the 
Southwestern United States. Super-emitters are facilities, equipment, 
and other infrastructure, typically in the fossil-fuel, waste, or 
agriculture sectors, that emit methane at high rates.

“Reining in methane emissions is key to limiting global warming. This 
exciting new development will not only help researchers better pinpoint 
where methane leaks are coming from, but also provide insight on how 
they can be addressed – quickly,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. 
“The International Space Station and NASA’s more than two dozen 
satellites and instruments in space have long been invaluable in 
determining changes to the Earth’s climate. EMIT is proving to be a 
critical tool in our toolbox to measure this potent greenhouse gas – and 
stop it at the source.”
Methane absorbs infrared light in a unique pattern – called a spectral 
fingerprint – that EMIT’s imaging spectrometer can discern with high 
accuracy and precision. The instrument can also measure carbon dioxide.

The new observations stem from the broad coverage of the planet afforded 
by the space station’s orbit, as well as from EMIT’s ability to scan 
swaths of Earth’s surface dozens of miles wide while resolving areas as 
small as a soccer field.

“These results are exceptional, and they demonstrate the value of 
pairing global-scale perspective with the resolution required to 
identify methane point sources, down to the facility scale,” said David 
Thompson, EMIT’s instrument scientist and a senior research scientist at 
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, which manages 
the mission. “It’s a unique capability that will raise the bar on 
efforts to attribute methane sources and mitigate emissions from human 
activities.”

Relative to carbon dioxide, methane makes up a fraction of human-caused 
greenhouse-gas emissions, but it’s estimated to be 80 times more 
effective, ton for ton, at trapping heat in the atmosphere in the 20 
years after release. Moreover, where carbon dioxide lingers for 
centuries, methane persists for about a decade, meaning that if 
emissions are reduced, the atmosphere will respond in a similar 
timeframe, leading to slower near-term warming...
Identifying methane point sources can be a key step in the process. With 
knowledge of the locations of big emitters, operators of facilities, 
equipment, and infrastructure giving off the gas can quickly act to 
limit emissions.

EMIT’s methane observations came as scientists verified the accuracy of 
the imaging spectrometer’s mineral data. Over its mission, EMIT will 
collect measurements of surface minerals in arid regions of Africa, 
Asia, North and South America, and Australia. The data will help 
researchers better understand airborne dust particles’ role in heating 
and cooling Earth’s atmosphere and surface.

“We have been eager to see how EMIT’s mineral data will improve climate 
modeling,” said Kate Calvin, NASA’s chief scientist and senior climate 
advisor. “This additional methane-detecting capability offers a 
remarkable opportunity to measure and monitor greenhouse gases that 
contribute to climate change.”
*
**Detecting Methane Plumes*
The mission’s study area coincides with known methane hotspots around 
the world, enabling researchers to look for the gas in those regions to 
test the capability of the imaging spectrometer...
“Some of the plumes EMIT detected are among the largest ever seen – 
unlike anything that has ever been observed from space,” said Andrew 
Thorpe, a research technologist at JPL leading the EMIT methane effort. 
“What we’ve found in a just a short time already exceeds our expectations.”

For example, the instrument detected a plume about 2 miles (3.3 
kilometers) long southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico, in the Permian 
Basin. One of the largest oilfields in the world, the Permian spans 
parts of southeastern New Mexico and western Texas.

In Turkmenistan, EMIT identified 12 plumes from oil and gas 
infrastructure east of the Caspian Sea port city of Hazar. Blowing to 
the west, some plumes stretch more than 20 miles (32 kilometers).

The team also identified a methane plume south of Tehran, Iran, at least 
3 miles (4.8 kilometers) long, from a major waste-processing complex. 
Methane is a byproduct of decomposition, and landfills can be a major 
source.

Scientists estimate flow rates of about 40,300 pounds (18,300 kilograms) 
per hour at the Permian site, 111,000 pounds (50,400 kilograms) per hour 
in total for the Turkmenistan sources, and 18,700 pounds (8,500 
kilograms) per hour at the Iran site.

The Turkmenistan sources together have a similar flow rate to the 2015 
Aliso Canyon gas leak, which exceeded 110,000 pounds (50,000 kilograms) 
per hour at times. The Los Angeles-area disaster was among the largest 
methane releases in U.S. history.

With wide, repeated coverage from its vantage point on the space 
station, EMIT will potentially find hundreds of super-emitters – some of 
them previously spotted through air-, space-, or ground-based 
measurement, and others that were unknown.

“As it continues to survey the planet, EMIT will observe places in which 
no one thought to look for greenhouse-gas emitters before, and it will 
find plumes that no one expects,” said Robert Green, EMIT’s principal 
investigator at JPL.

EMIT is the first of a new class of spaceborne imaging spectrometers to 
study Earth. One example is Carbon Plume Mapper (CPM), an instrument in 
development at JPL that’s designed to detect methane and carbon dioxide. 
JPL is working with a nonprofit, Carbon Mapper, along with other 
partners, to launch two satellites equipped with CPM in late 2023.
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/methane-super-emitters-mapped-by-nasa-s-new-earth-space-mission



/[The news archive - looking back]/
/*December 2, 1970*/
December 2, 1970: The United States Environmental Protection Agency is 
established.
http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-history


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